[fr] Au début du vingtième siècle, le zoologiste russe Ilya
Ivanovitch Ivanov (1870-1932), expert en insémination
artificielle, organise une expédition en Afrique. Il tentera
une étonnante expérience: créer un hybride singe-humain. Son
projet fait sensation à l’échelle internationale. Ivanov réussit à
inséminer trois chimpanzés femelles avec du sperme humain,
mais aucune fécondation ne se produit. En 1930, victime d’une
purge stalinienne, il sera condamné à cinq ans d’exil et finira sa
vie à Alma Ata.
Des expériences de croisements entre humains et chimpanzés
auraient été également menées aux USA et en Chine dans
les années 60 et 80. En 1977, le chercheur J. Michael Bedford
découvre que le sperme humain peut pénétrer dans les
membranes extérieures de protection d’un ovule de gibbon.
Que nous apprennent ces expériences d’hybridation sur la
génétique et sur la fertilité humaine? Quels sont les enjeux
éthiques, voir philosophiques auxquels est confrontée l’humanité aujourd’hui face
à ces manipulations? Dans cet article, nous remémorons ces faits scientifiques
historiques, et tentons d’apporter quelques réponses. [en] At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Russian zoologist Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov (1870-1932), an expert in artificial insemination, organized an expedition to Africa. He will attempt an astonishing experiment: the creation a monkey-human hybrid. His project caused an international sensation. Ivanov managed to inseminate three female chimpanzees with human sperm, but no fertilization occurred. In 1930, victim of a Stalinist purge, he was sentenced to five years of exile and ended his life in Alma Ata.
Experiments with interbreeding between humans and chimpanzees were also conducted in the USA and China in the 1960s and 1980s. In 1977, researcher J. Michael Bedford discovered that human sperm can penetrate the outer protective membranes of a gibbon egg.
What do these hybridization experiments tell us about genetics and human fertility? What are the ethical, even philosophical issues facing humanity today in the face of these manipulations? In this article, we recall these historical scientific facts, and try to provide some answers.
Disciplines :
Endocrinology, metabolism & nutrition
Author, co-author :
Valdes-Socin, Hernan ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques
Language :
French
Title :
Ilya Ivanovitch Ivanov (1870-1932) et les expériences d’hybridation entre les singes et les humains
Alternative titles :
[en] lya Ivanovitch Ivanov (1870-1932) and hybridation experiments between human and apes
Publication date :
2024
Journal title :
Pharma-Sphère
ISSN :
1372-1607
Publisher :
Reflexion Medical Network (RMN), Kraainem, Belgium
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