Nature and Landscape Conservation; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Boundary-spanning; Co-production; Evaluation; Funding; Promotion; University
Abstract :
[en] Will this paper lead to any measurable impact on biodiversity conservation? In this essay, we examine the relevance of scientific publications for conservation outcomes and propose specific recommendations to encourage procedural reforms in academia. While many conservation scientists dedicate significant effort to making their research accessible and actionable for conservation outcomes, academia often doesn’t reward these efforts and can even inhibit them. Universities increasingly promote engaged scholarship, yet few institutions have established formal mechanisms that promote and reward such work. We suggest a new framework to support engaged universities and propose three recommendations for research institutions. Our recommendations are based on 71 interviews of conservation scientists producing actionable science. We recommend that universities: (1) actively support faculty engagement in boundary-spanning work, providing an interface between research and society; (2) meaningfully reward faculty work that makes a genuine impact on efforts to solve real-world problems, beyond academic publications; and (3) use appropriate metrics to recognize the value of impacts on society and contributions to practical conservation outcomes. Universities supporting engaged scholarship have the potential to excel in attracting talented scholars, securing funding, and fostering impactful change.
Disciplines :
Arts & humanities: Multidisciplinary, general & others Business & economic sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others Engineering, computing & technology: Multidisciplinary, general & others Human health sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others Law, criminology & political science: Multidisciplinary, general & others Life sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others Social & behavioral sciences, psychology: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Author, co-author :
Lhoest, Simon ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion des ressources forestières
Carr Kelman, Candice
Barton, Chris J.
Beaudette, Jessica A.
Gerber, Leah R.
Language :
English
Title :
The impact factor of engaged research: Metrics for conservation outcomes
Publication date :
April 2024
Journal title :
Biological Conservation
ISSN :
0006-3207
Publisher :
Elsevier BV
Volume :
292
Pages :
110534
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Development Goals :
11. Sustainable cities and communities 17. Partnerships for the goals 16. Peace, justice and strong institutions 15. Life on land 14. Life below water 13. Climate action 4. Quality education
NSF - National Science Foundation BAEF - Belgian American Educational Foundation
Funding number :
Science of Science Innovation Policy NSF Award #1661406; Science of Science Innovation Policy NSF Award #2122157
Funding text :
This work was supported by two Science of Science Innovation Policy NSF Awards (#1661406; #2122157) to Leah R. Gerber and Derrick Anderson. Simon Lhoest was supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship of the Belgian American Educational Foundation.
Association of Public & Land-grant Universities, APLU Releases Roadmap for Advancing Publicly Engaged Scholarship. 2023.
Barge, J.K., Shockley-Zalabak, P., Engaged scholarship and the creation of useful organizational knowledge. J. Appl. Commun. Res. 36 (2008), 251–265.
Barton, C.J., Wang, Q., Anderson, D.M., Callow, D.A., Synchronizing the logic of inquiry with the logic of action: the case of urban climate policy. Sustainability, 13, 2021, 10625.
Bednarek, A.T., Wyborn, C., Cvitanovic, C., Meyer, R., Colvin, R.M., Addison, P.F.E., Close, S.L., Curran, K., Farooque, M., Goldman, E., Hart, D., Mannix, H., McGreavy, B., Parris, A., Posner, S., Robinson, C., Ryan, M., Leith, P., Boundary spanning at the science–policy interface: the practitioners’ perspectives. Sustain. Sci. 13 (2018), 1175–1183.
Beier, P., Hansen, L.J., Helbrecht, L., Behar, D., A how-to guide for coproduction of actionable science: coproducing actionable science. Conserv. Lett. 10 (2017), 288–296.
Beyond the Academy, Guidebook for the Engaged University: Best Practices for Reforming Systems of Reward, Fostering Engaged Leadership, and Promoting Action-oriented Scholarship. 2022.
Carr Kelman, C., Barton, C.J., Whitman, K., Lhoest, S., Anderson, D.M., Gerber, L.R., Five approaches to producing actionable science in conservation. Conserv. Biol., 37, 2023, e14039.
Cash, D.W., Borck, J.C., Patt, A.G., Countering the loading-dock approach to linking science and decision making: comparative analysis of El Niño/southern oscillation (ENSO) forecasting systems. Sci. Technol. Hum. Values 31 (2006), 465–494.
Cetina, K.K., Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Knowledge. 1999, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Crow, M.M., Dabars, W.B., The emergence of the fifth wave in American higher education. Issues Sci. Technol. 36 (2020), 71–74.
Cvitanovic, C., Hobday, A.J., Van Kerkhoff, L., Wilson, S.K., Dobbs, K., Marshall, N.A., Improving knowledge exchange among scientists and decision-makers to facilitate the adaptive governance of marine resources: a review of knowledge and research needs. Ocean Coast. Manag. 112 (2015), 25–35.
Feldman, D.L., Ingram, H.M., Making science useful to decision makers: climate forecasts, water management, and knowledge networks. Weather, Climate, and Society 1 (2009), 9–21.
Francis, R.A., Goodman, M.K., Post-normal science and the art of nature conservation. J. Nat. Conserv. 18 (2010), 89–105.
Gerber, L.R., Raik, D., Conservation science needs new institutional models for achieving outcomes. Front. Ecol. Environ. 16 (2018), 438–439.
Gerber, L.R., Barton, C.J., Cheng, S.H., Anderson, D., Producing actionable science in conservation: best practices for organizations and individuals. Conserv. Sci. Pract., 2, 2020.
Goodrich, K.A., Sjostrom, K.D., Vaughan, C., Nichols, L., Bednarek, A., Lemos, M.C., Who are boundary spanners and how can we support them in making knowledge more actionable in sustainability fields?. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 42 (2020), 45–51.
Haraway, D., Situated knowledges: the science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. Fem. Stud. 14 (1988), 575–599.
Harding, S., Sciences from below: Feminisms, Postcolonialities, and Modernities. 2008, Duke University Press.
Hoffman, A.J., Reflections: Academia's emerging crisis of relevance and the consequent role of the engaged scholar. J. Chang. Manag. 16 (2016), 77–96.
Kareiva, P., Marvier, M., What is conservation science?. BioScience 62 (2012), 962–969.
Karlin, B., Carr Kelman, C., Goodrich, K.A., Lowerson Bredow, V., The role of the university: Engaged scholarship in the Anthropocene. The WSPC Reference on Natural Resources and Environmental Policy in the Era of Global Change, 2016, World Scientific, 143–172.
Latour, B., Give me a laboratory and I will raise the world. Science Observed: Perspectives on the Social Study of Science, 1983, 141–170.
Latour, B., We Have Never Been Modern. 1993, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Latour, B., Woolgar, S., Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts. 2013, Princeton University Press.
Lemos, M.C., Arnott, J.C., Ardoin, N.M., Baja, K., Bednarek, A.T., Dewulf, A., Fieseler, C., Goodrich, K.A., Jagannathan, K., Klenk, N., Mach, K.J., Meadow, A.M., Meyer, R., Moss, R., Nichols, L., Sjostrom, K.D., Stults, M., Turnhout, E., Vaughan, C., Wong-Parodi, G., Wyborn, C., To co-produce or not to co-produce. Nat Sustain 1 (2018), 722–724.
Lhoest, S., Linchant, J., Gore, M.L., Vermeulen, C., Conservation science and policy should care about violent extremism. Glob. Environ. Chang., 76, 2022, 102590.
Lubchenco, J., Environmental science in a post-truth world. Front. Ecol. Environ., 15, 2017, 3.
Raschke, A.B., Pegram, K.V., Melkonoff, N.A., Davis, J., Blackwell, S.A., Collaborative conservation by botanical gardens: unique opportunities for local to global impacts. JZBG 3 (2022), 463–487.
Salomon, A.K., Lertzman, K., Brown, K., Wilson, Ḵii'iljuus Barbara, Secord, D. & McKechnie, I. (2018). Democratizing conservation science and practice. E&S, 23, art44.
Sutherland, W.J., Dicks, L.V., Petrovan, S.O., Smith, R.K., (eds.) What Works in Conservation 2021, 2021, Open Book Publishers, Cambridge, UK.
Toomey, A.H., Knight, A.T., Barlow, J., Navigating the space between research and implementation in conservation: research-implementation spaces. Conserv. Lett. 10 (2017), 619–625.
Williams, D.R., Balmford, A., Wilcove, D.S., The past and future role of conservation science in saving biodiversity. Conserv. Lett., 13, 2020.
Wyborn, C., Leith, P., Ryan, M., Montana, J., Hutton, J., Doing Science Differently: Co-producing Conservation Outcomes. 2019, Luc Hoffmann Institute.