[en] The Caucasus is an important intercontinental passageway for fauna and hominin dispersal from Africa to Eurasia. Numerous Pleistocene sites emphasise the importance of this region for the study of human evolution and hominin ‘Out of Africa’ dispersals. The Azokh 1 site in the Southern Caucasus provides a stratigraphic sequence, the renewed excavations of which have shown the presence of well-contextualised lithic and faunal assemblages dated between 300 and 100 ka associated with hominin remains (Homo heidelbergensis and Homo neanderthalensis) also found in the site. Faunal assemblages are dominated by cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) remains resulting from their hibernation at the rear of the cave. Recent taphonomic studies indicate the in-situ exploitation of some of these remains. Other faunal remains, mainly herbivore, some showing signs of human activity, were most likely introduced into the cave by hominins. The study of lithic artefacts suggests an incomplete operative chain for all raw materials with a general absence of knapping debris, unknapped cobbles/pebbles, rare cores and refits. Techno-typologically, these assemblages display characteristics that link them to Late Acheulean or Early Mousterian and Levallois Mousterian traditions. The faunal and lithic assemblages originate from the rear of the cave. Research results, including some preliminary data on lithic use-wear, along with analyses of spatial distribution and post-depositional modification, indicate that occupation of the cave was short and seasonal in character. Cave bears were an important factor affecting the duration of hominin occupation of the cave. The characteristics of the lithic assemblages suggest mobile toolkits, with some isolated evidence of in situ knapping and retouching activities.
Disciplines :
Archaeology
Author, co-author :
Asryan, Lena ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Art, Archéologie et Patrimoine (AAP) ; Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain ; IPHES, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain
Ollé, Andreu; Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain ; IPHES, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain
Moloney, Norah; University College London, Institute of Archaeology, London, United Kingdom
King, Tania; Blandford Town Museum, Dorset, United Kingdom
Language :
English
Title :
Occupying Cave-Sites: A Case Study from Azokh 1 Cave (Southern Caucasus)
Acknowledgements We thank the authorities of Nagorno Karabakh for their support and permission to excavate at Azokh Cave. We are also grateful to the following institutions and individuals that provided funding for the project: the government of the Republic of Nagorno Karabakh, the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC); the Spanish Ministry of Science (BTE2000-1309, BTE2003-01552 and BTE2007-66213); Wenner-Gren Foundation, AGBU (London Trust); and several anonymous donors, one of whom has provided long-term financial support for the project. We thank the editors of the Springer special volume ‘Short-term occupation in Prehistoric Archaeology’ for inviting us to publish in this volume. L. Asryan is grateful to a grant from Wenner-Gren Foundation (WIF-212). This work was developed within the general framework of the Spanish MICINN-FEDER project PGC2018-093925-B-C32, the Catalan AGAUR project 2017 SGR 1040 and by the URV project 2018PFR-URV-B2-91. This paper is based on the results of a PhD thesis by one of us (LA).
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