Jeffery PK Structural and inflammatory changes in COPD a comparison with asthma Thorax 1998 53 129 36
Louis R Lau LC Bron AO Roldaan AC Radermecker M Djukanovic R The relationship between airways inflammation and asthma severity Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 161 9 16
Wenzel SE Szefler SJ Leung DY Sloan SI Rex MD Martin RJ Bronchoscopic evaluation of severe asthma. Persistent inflammation associated with high dose glucocorticoids Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997 156 737 43
Wenzel SE Schwartz LB Langmack EL et al Evidence that severe asthma can be divided pathologically into two inflammatory subtypes with distinct physiologic and clinical characteristics Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 160 1001 8
Louis RE Cataldo D Buckley MG et al Evidence of mast-cell activation in a subset of patients with eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Eur Respir J 2002 20 325 31
Saetta M Di Stefano A Maestrelli P et al Airway eosinophilia in chronic bronchitis during exacerbations Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994 150 1646 52
Beeh KM Beier J Handle with care targeting neutrophils in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe asthma? Clin Exp Allergy 2006 36 142 57
Djukanovic R Wilson JW Britten KM et al Effect of an inhaled corticosteroid on airway inflammation and symptoms in asthma Am Rev Respir Dis 1992 145 669 74
Leckie MJ ten Brinke A Khan J et al Effects of an interleukin-5 blocking monoclonal antibody on eosinophils, airway hyper-responsiveness, and the late asthmatic response Lancet 2000 356 2144 8
Kips JC O'Connor BJ Langley SJ et al Effect of SCH55700, a humanized anti-human interleukin-5 antibody, in severe persistent asthma a pilot study Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003 167 1655 9
Flood-Page PT Menzies-Gow AN Kay AB Robinson DS Eosinophil's role remains uncertain as anti-interleukin-5 only partially depletes numbers in asthmatic airway Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003 167 199 204
Jatakanon A Uasuf C Maziak W Lim S Chung KF Barnes PJ Neutrophilic inflammation in severe persistent asthma Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 160 1532 9
Green RH Brightling CE Woltmann G Parker D Wardlaw AJ Pavord ID Analysis of induced sputum in adults with asthma identification of subgroup with isolated sputum neutrophilia and poor response to inhaled corticosteroids Thorax 2002 57 875 9
Bousquet J Jeffery PK Busse WW Johnson M Vignola AM Asthma. From bronchoconstriction to airways inflammation and remodeling Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 161 1720 45
Little SA MacLeod KJ Chalmers GW Love JG McSharry C Thomson NC Association of forced expiratory volume with disease duration and sputum neutrophils in chronic asthma Am J Med 2002 112 446 52
Sato E Koyama S Takamizawa A et al Smoke extract stimulates lung fibroblasts to release neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic activities Am J Physiol 1999 277 L1149 57
Cox G Glucocorticoid treatment inhibits apoptosis in human neutrophils. Separation of survival and activation outcomes J Immunol 1995 154 4719 25
Evans DJ Barnes PJ Spaethe SM van Alstyne EL Mitchell MI O'Connor BJ Effect of a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist, LY293111, on allergen induced responses in asthma Thorax 1996 51 1178 84
Maestrelli P Saetta M Di Stefano A et al Comparison of leukocyte counts in sputum, bronchial biopsies, and bronchoalveolar lavage Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995 152 1926 31
The ENFUMOSA Cross-Sectional European Multicentre Study of the Clinical Phenotype of Chronic Severe Asthma. European network for understanding mechanisms of severe asthma Eur Respir J 2003 22 470 7
Fahy JV Kim KW Liu J Boushey HA Prominent neutrophilic inflammation in sputum from subjects with asthma exacerbation J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995 95 843 52
Benayoun L Druilhe A Dombret MC Aubier M Pretolani M Airway structural alterations selectively associated with severe asthma Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003 167 1360 8
van Rensen EL Sont JK Evertse CE et al Bronchial CD8 cell infiltrate and lung function decline in asthma Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005 172 837 41
O'Sullivan SM Asthma death, CD8+ T cells, and viruses Proc Am Thorac Soc 2005 2 162 5
Davies DE Wicks J Powell RM Puddicombe SM Holgate ST Airway remodeling in asthma new insights J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003 111 215 25
Hirst SJ Martin JG Bonacci JV et al Proliferative aspects of airway smooth muscle J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 114 S2 S17
Brightling CE Bradding P Symon FA Holgate ST Wardlaw AJ Pavord ID Mast-cell infiltration of airway smooth muscle in asthma N Engl J Med 2002 346 1699 705
Maini RN Elliott MJ Brennan FM et al Monoclonal anti-TNF alpha antibody as a probe of pathogenesis and therapy of rheumatoid disease Immunol Rev 1995 144 195 223
Targan SR Hanauer SB van Deventer SJ et al A short-term study of chimeric monoclonal antibody cA2 to tumor necrosis factor alpha for Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease cA2 study group N Engl J Med 1997 337 1029 35
Howarth PH Babu KS Arshad HS et al Tumour necrosis factor (TNF{alpha}) as a novel therapeutic target in symptomatic corticosteroid dependent asthma Thorax 2005 60 1012 8
Berry MA Hargadon B Shelley M et al Evidence of a role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in refractory asthma N Engl J Med 2006 354 697 708
Thomas PS Heywood G Effects of inhaled tumour necrosis factor alpha in subjects with mild asthma Thorax 2002 57 774 8
Brightling CE Pavord ID Location, location, location microlocalisation of inflammatory cells and airway dysfunction Thorax 2004 59 734 5
Sutherland ER Martin RJ Airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease comparisons with asthma J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003 112 819 27
Cataldo DD Gueders MM Rocks N et al Pathogenic role of matrix metalloproteases and their inhibitors in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and therapeutic relevance of matrix metalloproteases inhibitors Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2003 49 875 84
Culpitt SV Maziak W Loukidis S Nightingale JA Matthews JL Barnes PJ Effect of high dose inhaled steroid on cells, cytokines, and proteases in induced sputum in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 160 1635 9
Stanescu D Sanna A Veriter C et al Airways obstruction, chronic expectoration, and rapid decline of FEV1 in smokers are associated with increased levels of sputum neutrophils Thorax 1996 51 267 71
Hogg JC Chu F Utokaparch S et al The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease N Engl J Med 2004 350 2645 53
Saetta M Di Stefano A Maestrelli P Mapp CE Ciaccia A Fabbri LM Structural aspects of airway inflammation in COPD Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1994 49 43 5
Hiemstra PS van Wetering S Stolk J Neutrophil serine proteinases and defensins in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease effects on pulmonary epithelium Eur Respir J 1998 12 1200 8
Loukides S Bouros D Papatheodorou G Lachanis S Panagou P Siafakas NM Exhaled H(2)O(2) in steady-state bronchiectasis relationship with cellular composition in induced sputum, spirometry, and extent and severity of disease Chest 2002 121 81 7
Sagel SD Kapsner R Osberg I Sontag MK Accurso FJ Airway inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis and healthy children assessed by sputum induction Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 164 1425 31
Saetta M Turato G Facchini FM et al Inflammatory cells in the bronchial glands of smokers with chronic bronchitis Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997 156 1633 9
Carroll NG Mutavdzic S James AL Increased mast cells and neutrophils in submucosal mucous glands and mucus plugging in patients with asthma Thorax 2002 57 677 82
Cardell LO Agusti C Takeyama K Stjarne P Nadel JA LTB(4)-induced nasal gland serous cell secretion mediated by neutrophil elastase Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 160 411 4
Witko-Sarsat V Halbwachs-Mecarelli L Schuster A et al Proteinase 3, a potent secretagogue in airways, is present in cystic fibrosis sputum Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999 20 729 36
Carroll N Carello S Cooke C James A Airway structure and inflammatory cells in fatal attacks of asthma Eur Respir J 1996 9 709 15
Vestbo J Prescott E Lange P Association of chronic mucus hypersecretion with FEV1 decline and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease morbidity. Copenhagen City Heart Study Group Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996 153 1530 5
Green RH Brightling CE McKenna S et al Asthma exacerbations and sputum eosinophil counts a randomised controlled trial Lancet 2002 360 1715 21