Antarctica; Ice algae; Nitrogen cycle; Nutrients; Organic matter; Primary production; Remineralisation; Sea ice; Antarctic sea ice; Data compilation; Land-fast; Nitrogen cycles; Remineralization; Seasonal cycle; Silicic acids; Oceanography; Environmental Chemistry; Chemistry (all); Water Science and Technology; General Chemistry
Abstract :
[en] Antarctic sea ice plays an important role in Southern Ocean biogeochemistry and mediating Earth's climate system. Yet our understanding of biogeochemical cycling in sea ice is limited by the availability of relevant data over sufficient temporal and spatial scales. Here we present a new publicly available compilation of macronutrient concentration data from Antarctic land-fast sea ice, covering the full seasonal cycle using datasets from around Antarctica, as well as a smaller dataset of macronutrient concentrations in adjacent seawater. We show a strong seasonal cycle whereby nutrient concentrations are high during autumn and winter, due to supply from underlying surface waters, and then are utilised in spring and summer by mixed ice algal communities consisting of diatoms and non-siliceous species. Our data indicate some degree of nutrient limitation of ice algal primary production, with silicon limitation likely being most prevalent, although uncertainties remain around the affinities of sea-ice algae for each nutrient. Remineralisation of organic matter and nutrient recycling drive substantial accumulations of inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and to a lesser extent silicic acid in some ice cores to concentrations far in excess of those in surface waters. Nutrient supply to fast ice is enhanced by brine convection, platelet ice accumulation and incorporation into the ice matrix, and under-ice tidal currents, whilst nutrient adsorption to sea-ice surfaces, formation of biofilms, and abiotic mineral precipitation and dissolution can also influence fast-ice nutrient cycling. Concentrations of nitrate, ammonium and silicic acid were generally higher in fast ice than reported for Antarctic pack ice, and this may support the typically observed higher algal biomass in fast-ice environments.
Research Center/Unit :
FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Henley, Sian F.; School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Cozzi, Stefano; CNR-ISMAR, Istituto di Scienze Marine, Trieste, Italy
Fripiat, François; Department of Geosciences, Environment and Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Lannuzel, Delphine; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
Nomura, Daiki; Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
Thomas, David N.; Faculty of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
Meiners, Klaus M.; Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, Australia ; Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia ; Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
Vancoppenolle, Martin; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Arrigo, Kevin; Department of Earth System Science, 473 Via Ortega, Room 141, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
Stefels, Jacqueline; University of Groningen Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFeS), Groningen, Netherlands
van Leeuwe, Maria; University of Groningen Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFeS), Groningen, Netherlands
Moreau, Sebastien; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
Jones, Elizabeth M.; Institute of Marine Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
Fransson, Agneta; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
Chierici, Melissa; Institute of Marine Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
Delille, Bruno ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
SFH was supported by the United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council through grant NE/K010034/1 . KMM was supported by the Australian Government through Australian Antarctic Science Project # 4546 , through the Antarctic Science Collaboration Initiative program (project ID ASCI000002 ), and through the Australian Research Council's Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science (Project Number SR200100008 ). These funders had no influence or involvement in the study design, execution or the preparation of the article.SFH was supported by the United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council through grant NE/K010034/1. KMM was supported by the Australian Government through Australian Antarctic Science Project #4546, through the Antarctic Science Collaboration Initiative program (project ID ASCI000002), and through the Australian Research Council's Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science (Project Number SR200100008). These funders had no influence or involvement in the study design, execution or the preparation of the article. This study was carried out under the auspices of the international expert group on Biogeochemical Exchange Processes at Sea-Ice Interfaces (BEPSII), which was originally a Working Group of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR; WG-140) and has since been endorsed by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) and Climate and Cryosphere (CliC). This study was also supported by the Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS) and the data will be available through SOOS’ open-access data portal SOOSmap (https://soos.aq/data/soosmap). The authors would like to thank the editor and three reviewers for their thorough and careful review and handling of our manuscript, which have undoubtedly improved the final paper. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
Abernathey, R.P., Cerovecki, I., Holland, P.R., Newsom, E., Mazloff, M., Talley, L.D., Water-mass transformation by sea ice in the upper branch of the Southern Ocean overturning. Nat. Geosci. 9:8 (2016), 596–601, 10.1038/ngeo2749.
Ackley, S.F., Sullivan, C.W., Physical controls on the development and characteristics of Antarctic Sea ice biological communities— a review and synthesis. Deep-Sea Res. I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 41:10 (1994), 1583–1604, 10.1016/0967-0637(94)90062-0.
Arndt, S., Hoppmann, M., Schmithüsen, H., Fraser, A.D., Nicolaus, M., Seasonal and interannual variability of landfast sea ice in Atka Bay, Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Cryosphere 14:9 (2020), 2775–2793, 10.5194/tc-14-2775-2020.
Arrigo, K.R., Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles. Nature 437:7057 (2005), 349–355, 10.1038/Nature04158.
Arrigo, K.R., Sea ice as a habitat for primary producers. Thomas, D.N., (eds.) Sea Ice, 3rd edition, 2017, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, U. K., 352–369 ISBN: 978-1-118-77838-8.
Arrigo, K.R., Sullivan, C.W., A high resolution bio-optical model of microalgal growth: tests using sea-ice algal community time-series data. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39:3 (1994), 609–631, 10.4319/lo.1994.39.3.0609.
Arrigo, K.R., Thomas, D.N., Large scale importance of sea ice biology in the Southern Ocean. Antarct. Sci. 16:4 (2004), 471–486, 10.1017/S0954102004002263.
Arrigo, K.R., Kremer, J.N., Sullivan, C.W., A simulated Antarctic fast ice ecosystem. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 98:C4 (1993), 6929–6946, 10.1029/93jc00141.
Arrigo, K.R., Dieckmann, G., Gosselin, M., Robinson, D.H., Fritsen, C.H., Sullivan, C.W., High-resolution study of the platelet ice ecosystem in Mcmurdo sound, Antarctica - biomass, nutrient, and production profiles within a dense microalgal bloom. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 127:1–3 (1995), 255–268, 10.3354/Meps127255.
Arrigo, K.R., Robinson, D.H., Dunbar, R.B., Leventer, A.R., Lizotte, M.P., Physical control of chlorophyll a, POC, and TPN distributions in the pack ice of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 108(C10), 2003, 10.1029/2001jc001138.
Arrigo, K.R., Brown, Z.W., Mills, M.M., Sea ice algal biomass and physiology in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica. Elementa: Sci. Anthropocene, 2, 2014, 000028, 10.12952/journal.elementa.000028.
Barker, P., Fontes, J.-C., Gasse, F., Experimental dissolution of diatom silica in concentrated salt solutions and implications for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39:1 (1994), 99–110, 10.4319/lo.1994.39.1.0099.
Becker, S., Aoyama, M., Woodward, E.M.S., Bakker, K., Coverly, S., Mahaffey, C., Tanhua, T., GO-SHIP repeat hydrography nutrient manual: the precise and accurate determination of dissolved inorganic nutrients in seawater, using continuous flow analysis methods. Front. Mar. Sci., 7, 2020, 10.3389/fmars.2020.581790.
Becquevort, S., Dumont, I., Tison, J.L., Lannuzel, D., Sauvée, M.L., Chou, L., Schoemann, V., Biogeochemistry and microbial community composition in sea ice and underlying seawater off East Antarctica during early spring. Polar Biol. 32:6 (2009), 879–895, 10.1007/s00300-009-0589-2.
Bidle, K.D., Azam, F., Accelerated dissolution of diatom silica by marine bacterial assemblages. Nature 397:6719 (1999), 508–512, 10.1038/17351.
Bluhm, B.A., Swadling, K.M., Gradinger, R., Sea ice as a habitat for macrograzers. Thomas, D.N., (eds.) Sea Ice, 3rd edition, 2017, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, U. K, 394–414 ISBN: 978-1-118-77838-8.
Caldeira, K., Duffy, P.B., The role of the Southern Ocean in uptake and storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Science 287:5453 (2000), 620–622, 10.1126/science.287.5453.620.
Cassarino, L., Hendry, K.R., Henley, S.F., MacDonald, E., Arndt, S., Freitas, F.S., Pike, J., Firing, Y.L., Sedimentary nutrient supply in productive hot spots off the West Antarctic peninsula revealed by silicon isotopes. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 34(12), 2020, 10.1029/2019GB006486 e2019GB006486.
Castellani, G., Schaafsma, F.L., Arndt, S., Lange, B.A., Peeken, I., Ehrlich, J., David, C., Ricker, R., Krumpen, T., Hendricks, S., Schwegmann, S., Massicotte, P., Flores, H., Large-scale variability of physical and Biological Sea-ice properties in polar oceans. Front. Mar. Sci., 7, 2020, 10.3389/fmars.2020.00536.
Chan, S.H., A review on solubility and polymerization of silica. Geothermics 18:1 (1989), 49–56, 10.1016/0375-6505(89)90009-6.
Chang, B.X., Devol, A.H., Seasonal and spatial patterns of sedimentary denitrification rates in the Chukchi Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 56:17 (2009), 1339–1350, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.10.024.
Clark, L.L., Ingall, E.D., Benner, R., Marine phosphorus is selectively remineralized. Nature, 393(6684), 1998, 10.1038/30881 426–426.
Cox, G.F.N., Weeks, W.F., Equations for determining the gas and brine volumes in sea-ice samples. J. Glaciol. 29:102 (1983), 306–316, 10.3189/S0022143000008364.
Cozzi, S., High-resolution trends of nutrients, DOM and nitrogen uptake in the annual sea ice at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea. Antarct. Sci. 20:5 (2008), 441–454, 10.1017/S0954102008001247.
Cozzi, S., Multiscale variability of ambient conditions, fast ice dynamics and biogeochemistry in the coastal zone of Victoria land, Ross Sea. Antarct. Sci. 26:4 (2014), 427–444, 10.1017/S0954102013000813.
Cozzi, S., Cantoni, C., Stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) composition of particulate organic matter, nutrients and dissolved organic matter during spring ice retreat at Terra Nova Bay. Antarct. Sci. 23:1 (2011), 43–56, 10.1017/S0954102010000611.
Dalman, L.A., Else, B.G.T., Barber, D., Carmack, E., Williams, W.J., Campbell, K., Duke, P.J., Kirillov, S., Mundy, C.J., Enhanced bottom-ice algal biomass across a tidal strait in the Kitikmeot Sea of the Canadian Arctic. Elementa: Sci. Anthropocene, 7, 2019, 22, 10.1525/elementa.361.
Davey, M.E., O'Toole, G.A., Microbial biofilms: from ecology to molecular genetics. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64:4 (2000), 847–867, 10.1128/mmbr.64.4.847-867.2000.
de Jong, J., Schoemann, V., Maricq, N., Mattielli, N., Langhorne, P., Haskell, T., Tison, J.-L., Iron in land-fast sea ice of McMurdo Sound derived from sediment resuspension and wind-blown dust attributes to primary productivity in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Mar. Chem. 157 (2013), 24–40, 10.1016/j.marchem.2013.07.001.
Decho, A.W., Microbial biofilms in intertidal systems: an overview. Cont. Shelf Res. 20:10 (2000), 1257–1273, 10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00022-4.
Delille, B., Vancoppenolle, M., Geilfus, N.-X., Tilbrook, B., Lannuzel, D., Schoemann, V., Becquevort, S., Carnat, G., Delille, D., Lancelot, C., Chou, L., Dieckmann, G.S., Tison, J.-L., Southern Ocean CO2 sink: the contribution of the sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 119:9 (2014), 6340–6355, 10.1002/2014JC009941.
DeMaster, D.J., Ragueneau, O., Nittrouer, C.A., Preservation efficiencies and accumulation rates for biogenic silica and organic C, N, and P in high-latitude sediments: the Ross Sea. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 101:C8 (1996), 18501–18518, 10.1029/96jc01634.
Deming, J.W., Collins, E.R., Sea ice as a habitat for bacteria, archaea and viruses. Thomas, D.N., (eds.) Sea Ice, Third edition, 2017, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, U.K., 326–351, 10.1002/9781118778371.ch13 ISBN: 978-1-118-77838-8.
DeVries, T., The oceanic anthropogenic CO2 sink: storage, air-sea fluxes, and transports over the industrial era. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 28:7 (2014), 631–647, 10.1002/2013gb004739.
Dieckmann, G.S., Arrigo, K., Sullivan, C.W., A high-resolution sampler for nutrient and chlorophyll a profiles of the sea ice platelet layer and underlying water column below fast ice in polar oceans - preliminary-results. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 80:2–3 (1992), 291–300, 10.3354/meps080291.
Dieckmann, G.S., Nehrke, G., Papadimitriou, S., Göttlicher, J., Steininger, R., Kennedy, H., Wolf-Gladrow, D., Thomas, D.N., Calcium carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic Sea ice. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(8), 2008, 10.1029/2008GL033540.
Dinniman, M.S., St-Laurent, P., Arrigo, K.R., Hofmann, E.E., van Dijken, G.L., Analysis of iron sources in Antarctic continental shelf waters. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 125, 2020, 10.1029/2019JC015736 e2019JC015736.
Dore, J.E., Houlihan, T., Hebel, D.V., Tien, G., Tupas, L., Karl, D.M., Freezing as a method of sample preservation for the analysis of dissolved inorganic nutrients in seawater. Mar. Chem. 53:3 (1996), 173–185, 10.1016/0304-4203(96)00004-7.
Dugdale, R.C., Wilkerson, F.P., Minas, H.J., The role of a silicate pump in driving new production. Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 42:5 (1995), 697–719, 10.1016/0967-0637(95)00015-X.
Dumont, I., Schoemann, V., Lannuzel, D., Chou, L., Tison, J.L., Becquevort, S., Distribution and characterization of dissolved and particulate organic matter in Antarctic pack ice. Polar Biol. 32:5 (2009), 733–750, 10.1007/s00300-008-0577-y.
Duprat, L., Kanna, N., Janssens, J., Roukaerts, A., Deman, F., Townsend, A.T., Meiners, K.M., van der Merwe, P., Lannuzel, D., Enhanced iron flux to Antarctic Sea ice via dust deposition from ice-free coastal areas. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 124:12 (2019), 8538–8557, 10.1029/2019JC015221.
Eayrs, C., Li, X., Raphael, M.N., Holland, D.M., Rapid decline in Antarctic Sea ice in recent years hints at future change. Nat. Geosci. 14:7 (2021), 460–464, 10.1038/s41561-021-00768-3.
Eicken, H., The role of sea ice in structuring Antarctic ecosystems. Polar Biol. 12:1 (1992), 3–13, 10.1007/BF00239960.
Fawcett, S.E., Lomas, M.W., Ward, B.B., Sigman, D.M., The counterintuitive effect of summer-to-fall mixed layer deepening on eukaryotic new production in the Sargasso Sea. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 28:2 (2014), 86–102, 10.1002/2013gb004579.
Fletcher, S.E.M., Gruber, N., Jacobson, A.R., Doney, S.C., Dutkiewicz, S., Gerber, M., Follows, M., Joos, F., Lindsay, K., Menemenlis, D., Mouchet, A., Muller, S.A., Sarmiento, J.L., Inverse estimates of anthropogenic CO2 uptake, transport, and storage by the ocean. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 20(2), 2006, 10.1029/2005gb002530.
Fransson, A., Chierici, M., Yager, P.L., Smith, W.O. Jr., Antarctic Sea ice carbon dioxide system and controls. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 116(C12), 2011, 10.1029/2010JC006844.
Fraser, A.D., Massom, R.A., Handcock, M.S., Reid, P., Ohshima, K.I., Raphael, M.N., Cartwright, J., Klekociuk, A.R., Wang, Z., Porter-Smith, R., Eighteen-year record of circum-Antarctic landfast-sea-ice distribution allows detailed baseline characterisation and reveals trends and variability. Cryosphere 15:11 (2021), 5061–5077, 10.5194/tc-15-5061-2021.
Fraser, A.D., Wongpan, P., Langhorne, P.J., Klekociuk, A.R., Kusahara, K., Lannuzel, D., Massom, R.A., Meiners, K.M., Swadling, K.M., Atwater, D.P., Brett, G.M., Corkill, M., Dalman, L.A., Fiddes, S., Granata, A., Guglielmo, L., Heil, P., Leonard, G.H., Mahoney, A.R., McMinn, A., van der Merwe, P., Weldrick, C.K., Wienecke, B., Antarctic Landfast Sea ice: a review of its physics, biogeochemistry and ecology. Rev. Geophys., 61(2), 2023, 10.1029/2022RG000770 e2022RG000770.
Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I.T., Olsen, A., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Alkama, R., Arneth, A., Arora, V.K., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bittig, H.C., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L.P., Cronin, M., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R.A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Gloege, L., Grassi, G., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Houghton, R.A., Hurtt, G.C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jain, A.K., Jersild, A., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J.I., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lindsay, K., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGrath, M.J., Metzl, N., Monacci, N.M., Munro, D.R., Nakaoka, S.I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P.I., Pan, N., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rodriguez, C., Rosan, T.M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Shutler, J.D., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A.J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tanhua, T., Tans, P.P., Tian, X., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G.R., Walker, A.P., Wanninkhof, R., Whitehead, C., Willstrand Wranne, A., Wright, R., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., Zheng, B., Global Carbon Budget 2022. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 14:11 (2022), 4811–4900, 10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022.
Fripiat, F., Cardinal, D., Tison, J.-L., Worby, A., André, L., Diatom-induced silicon isotopic fractionation in Antarctic Sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 112(G2), 2007, 10.1029/2006JG000244.
Fripiat, F., Sigman, D.M., Fawcett, S.E., Rafter, P.A., Weigand, M.A., Tison, J.L., New insights into sea ice nitrogen biogeochemical dynamics from the nitrogen isotopes. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 28:2 (2014), 115–130, 10.1002/2013gb004729.
Fripiat, F., Tison, J.-L., André, L., Notz, D., Delille, B., Biogenic silica recycling in sea ice inferred from Si-isotopes: constraints from Arctic winter first-year sea ice. Biogeochemistry 119:1 (2014), 25–33, 10.1007/s10533-013-9911-8.
Fripiat, F., Sigman, D.M., Masse, G., Tison, J.L., High turnover rates indicated by changes in the fixed N forms and their stable isotopes in Antarctic landfast sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 120:4 (2015), 3079–3097, 10.1002/2014jc010583.
Fripiat, F., Declercq, M., Sapart, C.J., Anderson, L.G., Bruechert, V., Deman, F., Fonseca-Batista, D., Humborg, C., Roukaerts, A., Semiletov, I.P., Dehairs, F., Influence of the bordering shelves on nutrient distribution in the Arctic halocline inferred from water column nitrate isotopes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 63:5 (2018), 2154–2170, 10.1002/lno.10930.
Fripiat, F., Martínez-García, A., Marconi, D., Fawcett, S.E., Kopf, S.H., Luu, V.H., Rafter, P.A., Zhang, R., Sigman, D.M., Haug, G.H., Nitrogen isotopic constraints on nutrient transport to the upper ocean. Nat. Geosci. 14:11 (2021), 855–861, 10.1038/s41561-021-00836-8.
Frölicher, T.L., Sarmiento, J.L., Paynter, D.J., Dunne, J.P., Krasting, J.P., Winton, M., Dominance of the Southern Ocean in anthropogenic carbon and heat uptake in CMIP5 models. J. Clim. 28:2 (2015), 862–886, 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00117.1.
Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suárez, M.J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs, L., Randles, C.A., Darmenov, A., Bosilovich, M.G., Reichle, R., Wargan, K., Coy, L., Cullather, R., Draper, C., Akella, S., Buchard, V., Conaty, A., da Silva, A.M., Gu, W., Kim, G.-K., Koster, R., Lucchesi, R., Merkova, D., Nielsen, J.E., Partyka, G., Pawson, S., Putman, W., Rienecker, M., Schubert, S.D., Sienkiewicz, M., Zhao, B., The modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). J. Clim. 30:14 (2017), 5419–5454, 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1.
Gibson, J.A.E., Trull, T.W., Annual cycle of fCO2 under sea-ice and in open water in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica. Mar. Chem. 66:3 (1999), 187–200, 10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00040-7.
Gillies, C.L., Stark, J.S., Johnstone, G.J., Smith, S.D.A., Establishing a food web model for coastal Antarctic benthic communities: a case study from the Vestfold Hills. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 478 (2013), 27–41, 10.3354/meps10214.
Gleitz, M., Thomas, D.N., Variation in phytoplankton standing stock, chemical composition and physiology during sea-ice formation in the southeastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 173:2 (1993), 211–230, 10.1016/0022-0981(93)90054-R.
Gleitz, M., Vonderloeff, M.R., Thomas, D.N., Dieckmann, G.S., Millero, F.J., Comparison of summer and winter inorganic carbon, oxygen and nutrient concentrations in Antarctic Sea-ice brine. Mar. Chem. 51:2 (1995), 81–91, 10.1016/0304-4203(95)00053-T.
Gleitz, M., Kukert, H., Riebesell, U., Dieckmann, G.S., Carbon acquisition and growth of Antarctic Sea ice diatoms in closed bottle incubations. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 135:1/3 (1996), 169–177, 10.3354/meps135169.
Gordon, A.L., Seasonality of Southern Ocean sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 86:C5 (1981), 4193–4197, 10.1029/JC086iC05p04193.
Gradinger, R., Ikavalko, J., Organism incorporation into newly forming Arctic Sea ice in the Greenland Sea. J. Plankton Res. 20:5 (1998), 871–886, 10.1093/plankt/20.5.871.
Greenwood, J.E., Truesdale, V.W., Rendell, A.R., Biogenic silica dissolution in seawater — in vitro chemical kinetics. Prog. Oceanogr. 48:1 (2001), 1–23, 10.1016/S0079-6611(00)00046-X.
Guglielmo, L., Carrada, G.C., Catalano, G., Cozzi, S., Dell'Anno, A., Fabiano, M., Granata, A., Lazzara, L., Lorenzelli, R., Manganaro, A., Mangoni, O., Misic, C., Modigh, M., Pusceddu, A., Saggiomo, V., Biogeochemistry and algal communities in the annual sea ice at Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica). Chem. Ecol. 20:sup1 (2004), 43–55, 10.1080/02757540310001656657.
Günther, S., Dieckmann, G.S., Seasonal development of algal biomass in snow-covered fast ice and the underlying platelet layer in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Antarct. Sci. 11:3 (1999), 305–315, 10.1017/S0954102099000395.
Günther, S., Gleitz, M., Dieckmann, G., Biogeochemistry of Antarctic Sea ice: a case study on platelet ice layers at Drescher inlet, Weddell Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 177 (1999), 1–13, 10.3354/meps177001.
Hartnett, H., Boehme, S., Thomas, C., DeMaster, D., Smith, C., Benthic oxygen fluxes and denitrification rates from high-resolution porewater profiles from the Western Antarctic peninsula continental shelf. Deep-Sea Res. II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 55:22 (2008), 2415–2424, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.06.002.
Heil, P., Atmospheric conditions and fast ice at Davis, East Antarctica: a case study. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 111(C5), 2006, 10.1029/2005JC002904.
Heil, P., Allison, I., Lytle, V.I., Seasonal and interannual variations of the oceanic heat flux under a landfast Antarctic Sea ice cover. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 101:C11 (1996), 25741–25752, 10.1029/96JC01921.
Henley, S.F., Tuerena, R.E., Annett, A.L., Fallick, A.E., Meredith, M.P., Venables, H.J., Clarke, A., Ganeshram, R.S., Macronutrient supply, uptake and recycling in the coastal ocean of the West Antarctic peninsula. Deep-Sea Res. Part Ii-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 139 (2017), 58–76, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.10.003.
Henley, S.F., Jones, E.M., Venables, H.J., Meredith, M.P., Firing, Y.L., Dittrich, R., Heiser, S., Stefels, J., Dougans, J., Macronutrient and carbon supply, uptake and cycling across the Antarctic peninsula shelf during summer. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 376(2122), 2018, 10.1098/rsta.2017.0168.
Henley, S.F., Cavan, E.L., Fawcett, S.E., Kerr, R., Monteiro, T., Sherrell, R.M., Bowie, A.R., Boyd, P.W., Barnes, D.K.A., Schloss, I.R., Marshall, T., Flynn, R., Smith, S., Changing biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean and its ecosystem implications. Front. Mar. Sci., 7, 2020, 10.3389/fmars.2020.00581.
Holmes, R.M., Aminot, A., Kerouel, R., Hooker, B.A., Peterson, B.J., A simple and precise method for measuring ammonium in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56:10 (1999), 1801–1808, 10.1139/cjfas-56-10-1801.
Hoppmann, M., Richter, M.E., Smith, I.J., Jendersie, S., Langhorne, P.J., Thomas, D.N., Dieckmann, G.S., Platelet ice, the Southern Ocean's hidden ice: a review. Ann. Glaciol. 61:83 (2020), 341–368, 10.1017/aog.2020.54.
Horner, R., Ackley, S.F., Dieckmann, G.S., Gulliksen, B., Hoshiai, T., Legendre, L., Melnikov, I.A., Reeburgh, W.S., Spindler, M., Sullivan, C.W., Ecology of sea ice biota .1. Habitat, terminology, and methodology. Polar Biol. 12:3–4 (1992), 417–427.
Hu, Y.-B., Dieckmann, G.S., Wolf-Gladrow, D.A., Nehrke, G., Laboratory study on coprecipitation of phosphate with ikaite in sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 119:10 (2014), 7007–7015, 10.1002/2014JC010079.
Hydes, D.J., Aoyama, M., Aminot, A., Bakker, K., Becker, S., Coverly, S., Daniel, A., Dickson, A.G., Grosso, O., Kerouel, R., van Ooijen, J., Sato, K., Tanhua, T., Woodward, E.M.S., Zhang, J.Z., Determination of dissolved nutrients (N, P, SI) in seawater with high precision and inter-comparability using gas-segmented continuous flow analysers. Hood, E.M., Sabine, C.L., Sloyan, B.M., (eds.) The GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual: A Collection of Expert Reports and Guidelines. Version 1, 2010, 10.25607/OBP-15 (Vol. IOCCP Report Number 14).
Ichinomiya, M., Honda, M., Shimoda, H., Saito, K., Odate, T., Fukuchi, M., Taniguchi, A., Structure of the summer under fast ice microbial community near Syowa Station, eastern Antarctica. Polar Biol. 30:10 (2007), 1285–1293, 10.1007/s00300-007-0289-8.
Inall, M.E., Brearley, J.A., Henley, S.F., Fraser, A.D., Reed, S., Landfast ice controls on turbulence in Antarctic coastal seas. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 127(1), 2022, 10.1029/2021JC017963 e2021JC017963.
Janssens, J., Meiners, K.M., Tison, J.-L., Dieckmann, G., Delille, B., Lannuzel, D., Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic Sea ice during its initial growth stages. Elementa: Sci. Anthropocene, 4, 2016, 000123, 10.12952/journal.elementa.000123.
Jones, E.M., Henley, S.F., van Leeuwe, M.A., Stefels, J., Meredith, M.P., Fenton, M., Venables, H.J., Carbon and nutrient cycling in Antarctic landfast sea ice from winter to summer. Limnol. Oceanogr., 2022, 10.1002/lno.12260.
Kattner, G., Storage of dissolved inorganic nutrients in seawater: poisoning with mercuric chloride. Mar. Chem. 67:1 (1999), 61–66, 10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00049-3.
Kawamura, T., Ohshima, K.I., Takizawa, T., Ushio, S., Physical, structural, and isotopic characteristics and growth processes of fast sea ice in Lützow-Holm Bay, Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 102:C2 (1997), 3345–3355, 10.1029/96JC03206.
Klausmeier, C.A., Litchman, E., Daufresne, T., Levin, S.A., Optimal nitrogen-to-phosphorus stoichiometry of phytoplankton. Nature 429:6988 (2004), 171–174, 10.1038/nature02454.
Kokare, C.R., Chakraborty, S., Khopade, A.N., Mahadik, K.R., Biofilm: importance and applications. Indian J. Biotechnol. 8 (2009), 159–168.
Kristiansen, S., Farbrot, T., Kuosa, H., Myklestad, S., von Quillfeldt, C.H., Nitrogen uptake in the infiltration community, an ice algal community in Antarctic pack-ice. Polar Biol. 19 (1998), 307–315, 10.1007/s003000050251.
Lannuzel, D., Bowie, A.R., Remenyi, T., Lam, P., Townsend, A., Ibisanmi, E., Butler, E., Wagener, T., Schoemann, V., Distributions of dissolved and particulate iron in the sub-Antarctic and polar frontal Southern Ocean (Australian sector). Deep-Sea Res. II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 58:21 (2011), 2094–2112, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.05.027.
Lannuzel, D., van der Merwe, P.C., Townsend, A.T., Bowie, A.R., Size fractionation of iron, manganese and aluminium in Antarctic fast ice reveals a lithogenic origin and low iron solubility. Mar. Chem. 161 (2014), 47–56, 10.1016/j.marchem.2014.02.006.
Lannuzel, D., Chever, F., van der Merwe, P.C., Janssens, J., Roukaerts, A., Cavagna, A.-J., Townsend, A.T., Bowie, A.R., Meiners, K.M., Iron biogeochemistry in Antarctic pack ice during SIPEX-2. Deep-Sea Res. II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 131 (2016), 111–122, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.12.003.
Lannuzel, D., Vancoppenolle, M., van der Merwe, P., de Jong, J., Meiners, K.M., Grotti, M., Nishioka, J., Schoemann, V., Iron in sea ice: review and new insights. Elementa: Sci. Anthropocene, 4, 2016, 000130, 10.12952/journal.elementa.000130.
Lei, R., Li, Z., Cheng, B., Zhang, Z., Heil, P., Annual cycle of landfast sea ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 115(C2), 2010, 10.1029/2008JC005223.
Letscher, R.T., Moore, J.K., Preferential remineralization of dissolved organic phosphorus and non-Redfield DOM dynamics in the global ocean: impacts on marine productivity, nitrogen fixation, and carbon export. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 29:3 (2015), 325–340, 10.1002/2014GB004904.
Li, X., Shokr, M., Hui, F., Chi, Z., Heil, P., Chen, Z., Yu, Y., Zhai, M., Cheng, X., The spatio-temporal patterns of landfast ice in Antarctica during 2006–2011 and 2016–2017 using high-resolution SAR imagery. Remote Sens. Environ., 242, 2020, 111736, 10.1016/j.rse.2020.111736.
Lieblappen, R.M., Kumar, D.D., Pauls, S.D., Obbard, R.W., A network model for characterizing brine channels in sea ice. Cryosphere 12:3 (2018), 1013–1026, 10.5194/tc-12-1013-2018.
Lim, S.M., Moreau, S., Vancoppenolle, M., Deman, F., Roukaerts, A., Meiners, K.M., Janssens, J., Lannuzel, D., Field observations and physical-biogeochemical Modeling suggest low silicon affinity for Antarctic fast ice diatoms. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 124:11 (2019), 7837–7853, 10.1029/2018JC014458.
Lizotte, M.P., Sullivan, C.W., Biochemical composition and photosynthate distribution in sea ice microalgae of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: evidence for nutrient stress during the spring bloom. Antarct. Sci. 4:1 (1992), 23–30, 10.1017/S0954102092000063.
Loh, A.N., Bauer, J.E., Distribution, partitioning and fluxes of dissolved and particulate organic C, N and P in the eastern North Pacific and southern oceans. Deep-Sea Res. I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 47:12 (2000), 2287–2316, 10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00027-3.
Macdonald, R.W., McLaughlin, F.A., Wong, C.S., The storage of reactive silicate samples by freezing. Limnol. Oceanogr. 31:5 (1986), 1139–1142, 10.4319/lo.1986.31.5.1139.
Maksym, T., Jeffries, M.O., A one-dimensional percolation model of flooding and snow ice formation on Antarctic Sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 105:C11 (2000), 26313–26331, 10.1029/2000JC900130.
Maranger, R., Pullin, M.J., 8 - elemental complexation by dissolved organic matter in lakes: Implications for Fe speciation and the speciation and the bioavailability of Fe and P. Findlay, S.E.G., Sinsabaugh, R.L., (eds.) Aquatic Ecosystems, 2003, Academic Press, Burlington, 185–214, 10.1016/B978-012256371-3/50009-3 ISBN: 978-0-12-256371-3.
Marshall, J., Speer, K., Closure of the meridional overturning circulation through Southern Ocean upwelling. Nat. Geosci. 5:3 (2012), 171–180, 10.1038/ngeo1391.
Martin-Jézéquel, V., Hildebrand, M., Brzezinski, M.A., Silicon metabolism in diatoms: implications for growth. J. Phycol. 36:5 (2000), 821–840, 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.00019.x.
Massom, R.A., Giles, A.B., Fricker, H.A., Warner, R.C., Legresy, B., Hyland, G., Young, N., Fraser, A.D., Examining the interaction between multi-year landfast sea ice and the Mertz glacier tongue, East Antarctica: another factor in ice sheet stability?. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 115, 2010, 10.1029/2009jc006083.
Maykut, G.A., Untersteiner, N., Some results from a time-dependent thermodynamic model of sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. (1896–1977) 76:6 (1971), 1550–1575, 10.1029/JC076i006p01550.
McMinn, A., Skerratt, J., Trull, T., Ashworth, C., Lizotte, M., Nutrient stress gradient in the bottom 5 cm of fast ice, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Polar Biol. 21:4 (1999), 220–227, 10.1007/s003000050356.
Meiners, K.M., Michel, C., Dynamics of nutrients, dissolved organic matter and exopolymers in sea ice. Thomas, D.N., (eds.) Sea Ice, Third edition, 2017, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, U.K, 415–432, 10.1002/9781118778371.ch17 ISBN: 9781118778371.
Meiners, K., Krembs, C., Gradinger, R., Exopolymer particles: microbial hotspots of enhanced bacterial activity in Arctic fast ice (Chukchi Sea). Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 52 (2008), 195–207, 10.3354/ame01214.
Meiners, K.M., Vancoppenolle, M., Thanassekos, S., Dieckmann, G.S., Thomas, D.N., Tison, J.L., Arrigo, K.R., Garrison, D.L., McMinn, A., Lannuzel, D., van der Merwe, P., Swadling, K.M., Smith, W.O. Jr., Melnikov, I., Raymond, B., Chlorophyll a in Antarctic Sea ice from historical ice core data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(21), 2012, 10.1029/2012GL053478.
Meiners, K.M., Vancoppenolle, M., Carnat, G., Castellani, G., Delille, B., Delille, D., Dieckmann, G.S., Flores, H., Fripiat, F., Grotti, M., Lange, B.A., Lannuzel, D., Martin, A., McMinn, A., Nomura, D., Peeken, I., Rivaro, P., Ryan, K.G., Stefels, J., Swadling, K.M., Thomas, D.N., Tison, J.L., van der Merwe, P., van Leeuwe, M.A., Weldrick, C., Yang, E.J., Chlorophyll-a in Antarctic Landfast Sea ice: a first synthesis of historical ice Core data. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 123:11 (2018), 8444–8459, 10.1029/2018JC014245.
Mills, M.M., Brown, Z.W., Laney, S.R., Ortega-Retuerta, E., Lowry, K.E., van Dijken, G.L., Arrigo, K.R., Nitrogen limitation of the summer phytoplankton and heterotrophic prokaryote communities in the Chukchi Sea. Front. Mar. Sci., 5, 2018, 10.3389/fmars.2018.00362 UNSP 362.
Moore, C.M., Mills, M.M., Arrigo, K.R., Berman-Frank, I., Bopp, L., Boyd, P.W., Galbraith, E.D., Geider, R.J., Guieu, C., Jaccard, S.L., Jickells, T.D., La Roche, J., Lenton, T.M., Mahowald, N.M., Maranon, E., Marinov, I., Moore, J.K., Nakatsuka, T., Oschlies, A., Saito, M.A., Thingstad, T.F., Tsuda, A., Ulloa, O., Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient limitation. Nat. Geosci. 6:9 (2013), 701–710, 10.1038/Ngeo1765.
Moreau, S., Vancoppenolle, M., Delille, B., Tison, J.-L., Zhou, J., Kotovitch, M., Thomas, D.N., Geilfus, N.-X., Goosse, H., Drivers of inorganic carbon dynamics in first-year sea ice: a model study. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 120:1 (2015), 471–495, 10.1002/2014JC010388.
Moreau, S., Lannuzel, D., Janssens, J., Arroyo, M.C., Corkill, M., Cougnon, E., Genovese, C., Legresy, B., Lenton, A., Puigcorbé, V., Ratnarajah, L., Rintoul, S., Roca-Martí, M., Rosenberg, M., Shadwick, E.H., Silvano, A., Strutton, P.G., Tilbrook, B., Sea ice meltwater and circumpolar deep water drive contrasting productivity in three Antarctic polynyas. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 124:5 (2019), 2943–2968, 10.1029/2019JC015071.
Mortenson, E., Hayashida, H., Steiner, N., Monahan, A., Blais, M., Gale, M.A., Galindo, V., Gosselin, M., Hu, X., Lavoie, D., Mundy, C.J., A model-based analysis of physical and biological controls on ice algal and pelagic primary production in resolute passage. Elementa: Sci. Anthropocene, 5, 2017, 39, 10.1525/elementa.229.
Murphy, E.J., Clarke, A., Symon, C., Priddle, J., Temporal variation in Antarctic Sea-ice: analysis of a long term fast-ice record from the South Orkney Islands. Deep-Sea Res. I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 42:7 (1995), 1045–1062, 10.1016/0967-0637(95)00057-D.
Nelson, D.M., Tréguer, P., Role of silicon as a limiting nutrient to Antarctic diatoms: evidence from kinetic studies in the Ross Sea ice-edge zone. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. 80 (1992), 255–264, 10.3354/meps080255.
Nelson, D.M., Ahern, J.A., Herlihy, L.J., Cycling of biogenic silica within the upper water column of the Ross Sea. Mar. Chem. 35:1 (1991), 461–476, 10.1016/S0304-4203(09)90037-8.
Nelson, D.M., Brzezinski, M.A., Sigmon, D.E., Franck, V.M., A seasonal progression of Si limitation in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 48:19 (2001), 3973–3995, 10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00076-5.
Nomura, D., Koga, S., Kasamatsu, N., Shinagawa, H., Simizu, D., Wada, M., Fukuchi, M., Direct measurements of DMS flux from Antarctic fast sea ice to the atmosphere by a chamber technique. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 117(C4), 2012, 10.1029/2010JC006755.
Nomura, D., Aoki, S., Simizu, D., Iida, T., Influence of sea ice crack formation on the spatial distribution of nutrients and microalgae in flooded Antarctic multiyear ice. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 123:2 (2018), 939–951, 10.1002/2017JC012941.
Nowak, A., Hodson, A., Turchyn, A.V., Spatial and temporal dynamics of dissolved organic carbon, chlorophyll, nutrients, and trace metals in maritime Antarctic snow and snowmelt. Front. Earth Sci., 6, 2018, 10.3389/feart.2018.00201.
Orr, J.C., Maier-Reimer, E., Mikolajewicz, U., Monfray, P., Sarmiento, J.L., Toggweiler, J.R., Taylor, N.K., Palmer, J., Gruber, N., Sabine, C.L., Le Quere, C., Key, R.M., Boutin, J., Estimates of anthropogenic carbon uptake from four three-dimensional global ocean models. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 15:1 (2001), 43–60, 10.1029/2000gb001273.
Papadimitriou, S., Kennedy, H., Kennedy, P., Thomas, D.N., Ikaite solubility in seawater-derived brines at 1atm and sub-zero temperatures to 265K. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 109 (2013), 241–253, 10.1016/j.gca.2013.01.044.
Parkinson, C.L., A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic Sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116:29 (2019), 14414–14423, 10.1073/pnas.1906556116.
Paterson, H., Laybourn-Parry, J., Sea ice microbial dynamics over an annual ice cycle in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. Polar Biol. 35:7 (2012), 993–1002, 10.1007/s00300-011-1146-3.
Pellichero, V., Sallée, J.-B., Schmidtko, S., Roquet, F., Charrassin, J.-B., The ocean mixed layer under Southern Ocean sea-ice: seasonal cycle and forcing. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 122:2 (2017), 1608–1633, 10.1002/2016JC011970.
Pellichero, V., Sallée, J.-B., Chapman, C.C., Downes, S.M., The southern ocean meridional overturning in the sea-ice sector is driven by freshwater fluxes. Nat. Commun., 9(1), 2018, 1789, 10.1038/s41467-018-04101-2.
Pieńkowski, A.J., Marret, F., Thomas, D.N., Scourse, J.D., Dieckmann, G.S., Dinoflagellates in a fast-ice covered inlet of the Riiser-Larsen ice shelf (Weddell Sea). Polar Biol. 32:9 (2009), 1331–1343, 10.1007/s00300-009-0630-5.
Priscu, J.C., Sullivan, C.W., Nitrogen metabolism in Antarctic fastice microalgal assemblages. Lizotte, M., Arrigo, K., (eds.) Antarctic Sea Ice Biological Processes, Interactions and Variability, 1998, American Geophysical Union, 147–160 Vol. Antarctic Research Series 73,. ISBN: 978-1-118-66814-6.
Priscu, J.C., Downes, M.T., Priscu, L.R., Palmisano, A.C., Sullivan, C.W., Dynamics of ammonium oxidizer activity and nitrous oxide (N₂O) within and beneath Antarctic Sea ice. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 62:1/2 (1990), 37–46.
Rees Jones, D.W., Wells, A.J., Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes. Cryosphere 12:1 (2018), 25–38, 10.5194/tc-12-25-2018.
Reigstad, M., Wassmann, P., Wexels Riser, C., Øygarden, S., Rey, F., Variations in hydrography, nutrients and chlorophyll a in the marginal ice-zone and the Central Barents Sea. J. Mar. Syst. 38 (2002), 9–29, 10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00167-7.
Riaux-Gobin, C., Poulin, M., Prodon, R., Treguer, P., Land-fast ice microalgal and phytoplanktonic communities (Adélie land, Antarctica) in relation to environmental factors during ice break-up. Antarct. Sci. 15:3 (2003), 353–364, 10.1017/S0954102003001378.
Riaux-Gobin, C., Dieckmann, G.S., Poulin, M., Neveux, J., Labrune, C., Vétion, G., Environmental conditions, particle flux and sympagic microalgal succession in spring before the sea-ice break-up in Adélie land, East Antarctica. Polar Res., 32(0), 2013, 10.3402/polar.v32i0.19675.
Richter, O., Gwyther, D.E., King, M.A., Galton-Fenzi, B.K., The impact of tides on Antarctic ice shelf melting. Cryosphere 16:4 (2022), 1409–1429, 10.5194/tc-16-1409-2022.
Roukaerts, A., Cavagna, A.J., Fripiat, F., Lannuzel, D., Meiners, K.M., Dehairs, F., Sea-ice algal primary production and nitrogen uptake rates off East Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res. Part Ii-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 131 (2016), 140–149, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.08.007.
Roukaerts, A., Nomura, D., Deman, F., Hattori, H., Dehairs, F., Fripiat, F., The effect of melting treatments on the assessment of biomass and nutrients in sea ice (Saroma-ko lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan). Polar Biol. 42:2 (2019), 347–356, 10.1007/s00300-018-2426-y.
Roukaerts, A., Deman, F., Van der Linden, F., Carnat, G., Bratkic, A., Moreau, S., Lannuzel, D., Dehairs, F., Delille, B., Tison, J.-L., Fripiat, F., The biogeochemical role of a microbial biofilm in sea ice: Antarctic landfast sea ice as a case study. Elementa: Sci. Anthropocene, 9(1), 2021, 00134, 10.1525/elementa.2020.00134.
Rusciano, E., Budillon, G., Fusco, G., Spezie, G., Evidence of atmosphere–sea ice–ocean coupling in the Terra Nova Bay polynya (Ross Sea—Antarctica). Cont. Shelf Res. 61-62 (2013), 112–124, 10.1016/j.csr.2013.04.002.
Rysgaard, S., Wang, F., Galley, R.J., Grimm, R., Notz, D., Lemes, M., Geilfus, N.X., Chaulk, A., Hare, A.A., Crabeck, O., Else, B.G.T., Campbell, K., Sørensen, L.L., Sievers, J., Papakyriakou, T., Temporal dynamics of ikaite in experimental sea ice. Cryosphere 8:4 (2014), 1469–1478, 10.5194/tc-8-1469-2014.
Saenz, B.T., Arrigo, K.R., Simulation of a sea ice ecosystem using a hybrid model for slush layer desalination. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 117, 2012, 10.1029/2011jc007544.
Saenz, B.T., Arrigo, K.R., Annual primary production in Antarctic Sea ice during 2005–2006 from a sea ice state estimate. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 119:6 (2014), 3645–3678, 10.1002/2013JC009677.
Saggiomo, M., Poulin, M., Mangoni, O., Lazzara, L., De Stefano, M., Sarno, D., Zingone, A., Spring-time dynamics of diatom communities in landfast and underlying platelet ice in Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, Antarctica. J. Mar. Syst. 166 (2017), 26–36, 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.06.007.
Sahashi, R., Nomura, D., Toyota, T., Tozawa, M., Ito, M., Wongpan, P., Ono, K., Simizu, D., Naoki, K., Nosaka, Y., Tamura, T., Aoki, S., Ushio, S., Effects of snow and remineralization processes on nutrient distributions in multi-year Antarctic Landfast Sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 127(7), 2022, 10.1029/2021JC018371 e2021JC018371.
Sakamoto, C.M., Friederich, G.E., Codispoti, L.A., MBARI Procedures for Automated Nutrient Analyses Using a Modified Alpkem Series 300 Rapid Flow Analyzer. 1990, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.
Sarmiento, J.L., Gruber, N., Brzezinski, M.A., Dunne, J.P., High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity. Nature 427:6969 (2004), 56–60, 10.1038/nature02127.
Sarthou, G., Timmermans, K.R., Blain, S., Tréguer, P., Growth physiology and fate of diatoms in the ocean: a review. J. Sea Res. 53:1 (2005), 25–42, 10.1016/j.seares.2004.01.007.
Schnack-Schiel, S.B., Thomas, D.N., Haas, C., Dieckmann, G.S., Alheit, R., The occurrence of the copepods Stephos longipes (Calanoida) and Drescheriella glacialis (Harpacticoida) in summer sea ice in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Antarct. Sci. 13:2 (2001), 150–157, 10.1017/S0954102001000232.
Stapleford, L.S., Smith, R.E.H., The interactive effects of temperature and silicon limitation on the psychrophilic ice diatom Pseudonitszchia seriata. Polar Biol. 16 (1996), 589–594, 10.1007/BF02329056.
Stief, P., Schauberger, C., Lund, M.B., Greve, A., Abed, R.M.M., Al-Najjar, M.A.A., Attard, K., Bonaglia, S., Deutzmann, J.S., Franco-Cisterna, B., García-Robledo, E., Holtappels, M., John, U., Maciute, A., Magee, M.J., Pors, R., Santl-Temkiv, T., Scherwass, A., Sevilgen, D.S., de Beer, D., Glud, R.N., Schramm, A., Kamp, A., Intracellular nitrate storage by diatoms can be an important nitrogen pool in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Commun. Earth Environ., 3(1), 2022, 154, 10.1038/s43247-022-00485-8.
Sturm, M., Massom, R.A., Snow and sea ice. Thomas, D.N., (eds.) Sea Ice, Second edition, 2009, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, U.K, 153–204, 10.1002/9781444317145.ch5 ISBN: 9781444317145.
Sturm, M., Massom, R.A., Snow in the sea ice system: Friend or foe?. Thomas, D.N., (eds.) Sea Ice, Third edition, 2017, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, U.K, 65–109, 10.1002/9781118778371.ch3 ISBN: 9781118778371.
Sun, S., Hattermann, T., Pattyn, F., Nicholls, K.W., Drews, R., Berger, S., Topographic shelf waves control seasonal melting near Antarctic ice shelf grounding lines. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46:16 (2019), 9824–9832, 10.1029/2019GL083881.
Swadling, K.M., Constable, A.J., Fraser, A.D., Massom, R.A., Borup, M.D., Ghigliotti, L., Granata, A., Guglielmo, L., Johnston, N.M., Kawaguchi, S., Kennedy, F., Kiko, R., Koubbi, P., Makabe, R., Martin, A., McMinn, A., Moteki, M., Pakhomov, E.A., Peeken, I., Reimer, J., Reid, P., Ryan, K.G., Vacchi, M., Virtue, P., Weldrick, C.K., Wongpan, P., Wotherspoon, S.J., Biological responses to change in Antarctic sea ice habitats. Front. Ecol. Evol., 10, 2023, 1073823, 10.3389/fevo.2022.1073823.
Tang, S., Qin, D., Ren, J., Kang, J., Li, Z., Structure, salinity and isotopic composition of multi-year landfast sea ice in Nella Fjord, Antarctica. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 49:2 (2007), 170–177, 10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.03.005.
Thomas, D.N., Dieckmann, G.S., Biogeochemistry of Antarctic Sea ice. Gibson, R.N., Barnes, M., Atkinson, R.J.A., (eds.) Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, vol. 40, 2002, Taylor and Francis, 143–169.
Thomas, D.N., Kennedy, H., Kattner, G., Gerdes, D., Gough, C., Dieckmann, G.S., Biogeochemistry of platelet ice: its influence on particle flux under fast ice in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Polar Biol. 24:7 (2001), 486–496, 10.1007/s003000100243.
Thrush, S., Dayton, P., Cattaneo-Vietti, R., Chiantore, M., Cummings, V., Andrew, N., Hawes, I., Kim, S., Kvitek, R., Schwarz, A.-M., Broad-scale factors influencing the biodiversity of coastal benthic communities of the Ross Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 53:8 (2006), 959–971, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.02.006.
Tison, J.L., Worby, A., Delille, B., Brabant, F., Papadimitriou, S., Thomas, D., de Jong, J., Lannuzel, D., Haas, C., Temporal evolution of decaying summer first-year sea ice in the Western Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res. II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 55:8 (2008), 975–987, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.12.021.
Tison, J.L., Schwegmann, S., Dieckmann, G., Rintala, J.M., Meyer, H., Moreau, S., Vancoppenolle, M., Nomura, D., Engberg, S., Blomster, L.J., Hendricks, S., Uhlig, C., Luhtanen, A.M., de Jong, J., Janssens, J., Carnat, G., Zhou, J., Delille, B., Biogeochemical impact of snow cover and cyclonic intrusions on the winter Weddell Sea ice pack. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 122:12 (2017), 9548–9571, 10.1002/2017JC013288.
Torstensson, A., Dinasquet, J., Chierici, M., Fransson, A., Riemann, L., Wulff, A., Physicochemical control of bacterial and protist community composition and diversity in Antarctic Sea ice. Environ. Microbiol. 17:10 (2015), 3869–3881, 10.1111/1462-2920.12865.
Toyota, T., Massom, R., Lecomte, O., Nomura, D., Heil, P., Tamura, T., Fraser, A.D., On the extraordinary snow on the sea ice off East Antarctica in late winter, 2012. Deep-Sea Res. II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 131 (2016), 53–67, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.02.003.
Tremblay, J.E., Anderson, L.G., Matrai, P., Coupel, P., Belanger, S., Michel, C., Reigstad, M., Global and regional drivers of nutrient supply, primary production and CO2 drawdown in the changing Arctic Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr. 139 (2015), 171–196, 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.08.009.
Underwood, G., Fietz, S., Papadimitriou, S., Thomas, D., Dieckmann, G., Distribution and composition of dissolved extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in Antarctic Sea ice. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. 404 (2010), 1–19, 10.3354/meps08557.
United States National Snow and Ice Data Center, Sea Ice Data and Analysis Tools. https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/sea-ice-tools/, 2023 Accessed 10/05/2023.
van der Merwe, P., Lannuzel, D., Bowie, A.R., Meiners, K.M., High temporal resolution observations of spring fast ice melt and seawater iron enrichment in East Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 116(G3), 2011, 10.1029/2010JG001628.
van Leeuwe, M.A., Tedesco, L., Arrigo, K.R., Assmy, P., Campbell, K., Meiners, K.M., Rintala, J.M., Selz, V., Thomas, D.N., Stefels, J., Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic Sea ice: a synthesis. Elementa-Sci. Anthropocene, 6, 2018, 10.1525/elementa.267.
van Leeuwe, M.A., Fenton, M., Davey, E., Rintala, J.-M., Jones, E.M., Meredith, M.P., Stefels, J., On the phenology and seeding potential of sea-ice microalgal species. Elementa: Sci. Anthropocene, 10(1), 2022, 00029, 10.1525/elementa.2021.00029.
Vancoppenolle, M., Goosse, H., de Montety, A., Fichefet, T., Tremblay, B., Tison, J.-L., Modeling brine and nutrient dynamics in Antarctic Sea ice: the case of dissolved silica. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 115(C2), 2010, 10.1029/2009JC005369.
Vancoppenolle, M., Meiners, K.M., Michel, C., Bopp, L., Brabant, F., Carnat, G., Delille, B., Lannuzel, D., Madec, G., Moreau, S., Tison, J.-L., van der Merwe, P., Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges. Quat. Sci. Rev. 79 (2013), 207–230, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.04.011.
Yuan, G., Lavkulich, L.M., Phosphate sorption in relation to extractable iron and Aluminum in Spodosols. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58:2 (1994), 343–346, 10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800020013x.
Zhang, R., Zheng, M., Chen, M., Ma, Q., Cao, J., Qiu, Y., An isotopic perspective on the correlation of surface ocean carbon dynamics and sea ice melting in Prydz Bay (Antarctica) during austral summer. Deep-Sea Res. I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 83 (2014), 24–33, 10.1016/j.dsr.2013.08.006.
Zhou, M., Rhue, R.D., Harris, W.G., Phosphorus sorption characteristics of Bh and Bt horizons from Sandy coastal plain soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 61:5 (1997), 1364–1369, 10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100050011x.
