comparative sequence analysis; heterologous expression; light-sensitive opsins; protein modelling; visual pigments; Opsins; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Evolution, Molecular; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Invertebrates; Opsins/genetics; Phylogeny; Vertebrates; Arthropods/genetics; Odonata; Arthropods; Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all); Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all); General Agricultural and Biological Sciences; General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract :
[en] Visual opsins of vertebrates and invertebrates diversified independently and converged to detect ultraviolet to long wavelengths (LW) of green or red light. In both groups, colour vision largely derives from opsin number, expression patterns and changes in amino acids interacting with the chromophore. Functional insights regarding invertebrate opsin evolution have lagged behind those for vertebrates because of the disparity in genomic resources and the lack of robust in vitro systems to characterize spectral sensitivities. Here, we review bioinformatic approaches to identify and model functional variation in opsins as well as recently developed assays to measure spectral phenotypes. In particular, we discuss how transgenic lines, cAMP-spectroscopy and sensitive heterologous expression platforms are starting to decouple genotype-phenotype relationships of LW opsins to complement the classical physiological-behavioural-phylogenetic toolbox of invertebrate visual sensory studies. We illustrate the use of one heterologous method by characterizing novel LW Gq opsins from 10 species, including diurnal and nocturnal Lepidoptera, a terrestrial dragonfly and an aquatic crustacean, expressing them in HEK293T cells, and showing that their maximum absorbance spectra (λmax) range from 518 to 611 nm. We discuss the advantages of molecular approaches for arthropods with complications such as restricted availability, lateral filters, specialized photochemistry and/or electrophysiological constraints. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding colour vision: molecular, physiological, neuronal and behavioural studies in arthropods'.
Disciplines :
Genetics & genetic processes
Author, co-author :
Lienard, Marjorie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > GIGA > GIGA Molecular Biology of Diseases ; Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Pierce, Naomi E ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Language :
English
Title :
Molecular advances to study the function, evolution and spectral tuning of arthropod visual opsins.
Publication date :
24 October 2022
Journal title :
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
Sverige Vetenskapsrådet [SE] NSF - National Science Foundation [US-VA]
Funding text :
This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR 2020-0517) to M.A.L., a grant from the Mind, Brain and Behaviour (MBB) interfaculty initiative at Harvard University to W.A.V.-M and N.E.P., and grants from the National Science Foundation (PoLS 1411123 and DEB 1541560) to N.E.P. Acknowledgements
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