Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a eukaryotic photosynthetic model for studies of heavy metal homeostasis and tolerance

The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a useful model of a photosynthetic cell. This unicellular eukaryote has been intensively used for studies of a number of physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen assimilation, flagella motility and basal body function. Its easy-to-manipulate and short life cycle make this organism a powerful tool for genetic analysis. Over the past 15 yr, a dramatically increased number of molecular technologies (including nuclear and organellar transformation systems, cosmid, yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries, reporter genes, RNA interference, DNA microarrays, etc.) have been applied to Chlamydomonas . Moreover, as parts of the Chlamydomonas genome project, molecular mapping, as well as whole genome and extended expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing programs, are currently underway. These developments have allowed Chlamydomonas to become an extremely valuable model for molecular approaches to heavy metal homeostasis and tolerance in photosynthetic organisms.