protoplanetary disks; stars: variables: T Tauri; Herbig Ae/Be; infrared: general; astrochemistry; Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary; Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] Context. The Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) allows us to probe the inner regions of protoplanetary disks, where the elevated temperatures result in an active chemistry and where the gas composition may dictate the composition of planets forming in this region. The disk around the classical T Tauri star Sz 98, which has an unusually large dust disk in the millimetre with a compact core, was observed with the MRS, and we examine its spectrum here. <BR /> Aims: We aim to explain the observations and put the disk of Sz 98 in context with other disks, with a focus on the H<SUB>2</SUB>O emission through both its ro-vibrational and pure rotational emission. Furthermore, we compare our chemical findings with those obtained for the outer disk from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations. <BR /> Methods: In order to model the molecular features in the spectrum, the continuum was subtracted and local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) slab models were fitted. The spectrum was divided into different wavelength regions corresponding to H<SUB>2</SUB>O lines of different excitation conditions, and the slab model fits were performed individually per region. <BR /> Results: We confidently detect CO, H<SUB>2</SUB>O, OH, CO<SUB>2</SUB>, and HCN in the emitting layers. Despite the plethora of H<SUB>2</SUB>O lines, the isotopo-logue H<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>18</SUP>O is not detected. Additionally, no other organics, including C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>, are detected. This indicates that the C/O ratio could be substantially below unity, in contrast with the outer disk. The H<SUB>2</SUB>O emission traces a large radial disk surface region, as evidenced by the gradually changing excitation temperatures and emitting radii. Additionally, the OH and CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission is relatively weak. It is likely that H<SUB>2</SUB>O is not significantly photodissociated, either due to self-shielding against the stellar irradiation, or UV shielding from small dust particles. While H<SUB>2</SUB>O is prominent and OH is relatively weak, the line fluxes in the inner disk of Sz 98 are not outliers compared to other disks. <BR /> Conclusions: The relative emitting strength of the different identified molecular features points towards UV shielding of H<SUB>2</SUB>O in the inner disk of Sz 98, with a thin layer of OH on top. The majority of the organic molecules are either hidden below the dust continuum, or not present. In general, the inferred composition points to a sub-solar C/O ratio (<0.5) in the inner disk, in contrast with the larger than unity C/O ratio in the gas in the outer disk found with ALMA.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Gasman, Danny; Katholieke University of Leuven, Astronomical Institute
van Dishoeck, Ewine F.; Leiden Observatory, Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Grant, Sierra L.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Temmink, Milou; Leiden Observatory
Tabone, Benoît; Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Henning, Thomas; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Kamp, Inga; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
Güdel, Manuel; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, University of Vienna, Department of Astronomy, ETH Zurich, Department of Physics
Lagage, Pierre-Olivier; CEA Saclay, Service d'Astrophysique
Perotti, Giulia; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Christiaens, Valentin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR)
Samland, Matthias; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Arabhavi, Aditya M.; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
Argyriou, Ioannis; Katholieke University of Leuven, Astronomical Institute
Abergel, Alain; Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Absil, Olivier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Barrado, David; Center for Astrobiology, Madrid
Boccaletti, Anthony; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique
Bouwman, Jeroen; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Caratti o Garatti, Alessio; Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland
Geers, Vincent; Royal Observatory Edinburgh
Glauser, Adrian M.; ETH Zurich, Department of Physics
Guadarrama, Rodrigo; University of Vienna, Department of Astronomy
Jang, Hyerin; Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Astronomy and Physics
Kanwar, Jayatee; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700AV, Groningen, The Netherlands, Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstr. 6, 8042, Graz, Austria, TU Graz, Fakultät für Mathematik, Physik und Geodäsie, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
Lahuis, Fred; Netherlands Institute for Space Research
Morales-Calderón, Maria; Center for Astrobiology, Madrid
Mueller, Michael; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
Nehmé, Cyrine; CEA Saclay, Service d'Astrophysique
Olofsson, Göran; AlbaNova University Center
Pantin, Éric; CEA Saclay, Service d'Astrophysique
Pawellek, Nicole; University of Vienna, Department of Astronomy, Konkoly Observatory
Ray, Tom P.; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland
Rodgers-Lee, Donna; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland
Scheithauer, Silvia; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Schreiber, Jürgen; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Schwarz, Kamber; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Vandenbussche, Bart; Katholieke University of Leuven, Astronomical Institute
Vlasblom, Marissa; Leiden Observatory
Waters, Rens L. B. F. M.; Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Astronomy and Physics, Netherlands Institute for Space Research
Wright, Gillian; Royal Observatory Edinburgh
Colina, Luis; Center for Astrobiology, Madrid
Greve, Thomas R.; DTU, Institute for Space Research and Technology
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