Search for associations containing young stars (SACY): VIII. An updated census of spectroscopic binary systems exhibiting hints of non-universal multiplicity among their associations
[en] Context. Nearby young associations offer one of the best opportunities for a detailed study of the properties of young stellar and substellar objects thanks to their proximity (<200 pc) and age (∼5-150 Myr). Previous works have identified spectroscopic (<5 au) binaries, close (5-1000 au) visual binaries, and wide or extremely wide (1000-100 000 au) binaries in the young associations. In most of the previous analyses, single-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB1) were identified based on radial velocities variations. However, this apparent variation may also be caused by mechanisms unrelated to multiplicity. Aims. We seek to update the spectroscopy binary fraction of the Search for Associations Containing Young stars (SACY) sample, taking into consideration all possible biases in our identification of binary candidates, such as activity and rotation. Methods. Using high-resolution spectroscopic observations, we produced ∼1300 cross-correlation functions (CCFs) to disentangle the previously mentioned sources of contamination. The radial velocity values we obtained were cross-matched with the literature and then used to revise and update the spectroscopic binary (SB) fraction in each object of the SACY association. In order to better describe the CCF profile, we calculated a set of high-order cross-correlation features to determine the origin of the variations in radial velocities. Results. We identified 68 SB candidates from our sample of 410 objects. Our results hint that at the possibility that the youngest associations have a higher SB fraction. Specifically, we found sensitivity-corrected SB fractions of 22-11+15% for Ïμ Cha, 31-14+16% for TW Hya and 32-8+9% for β Pictoris, in contrast to the five oldest associations we have sampled (∼35-125 Myr) which are ∼10% or lower. This result seems independent of the methodology used to asses membership to the associations. Conclusions. The new CCF analysis, radial velocity estimates, and SB candidates are particularly relevant for membership revision of targets in young stellar associations. These targets would be ideal candidates for follow-up campaigns using high-resolution techniques to confirm binarity, resolve orbits, and, ideally, calculate dynamical masses. Additionally, if the results on the SB fraction in the youngest associations were confirmed, it could hint at a non-universal multiplicity among SACY associations.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Zúñiga Fernández, Sebastián Gaspar ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Astrobiology ; Núcleo Milenio de Formación Planetaria (NPF), Valparaíso, Chile ; European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla, Santiago de Chile, Chile ; Universidad de Valparaíso, Instituto de Física y Astronomía (IFA), Casilla, Valparaíso, Chile
Bayo, A.; Núcleo Milenio de Formación Planetaria (NPF), Valparaíso, Chile ; Universidad de Valparaíso, Instituto de Física y Astronomía (IFA), Casilla, Valparaíso, Chile
Elliott, P.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Canada
Zamora, C.; Núcleo Milenio de Formación Planetaria (NPF), Valparaíso, Chile ; Universidad de Valparaíso, Instituto de Física y Astronomía (IFA), Casilla, Valparaíso, Chile
Corvalán, G.; Núcleo Milenio de Formación Planetaria (NPF), Valparaíso, Chile ; Universidad de Valparaíso, Instituto de Física y Astronomía (IFA), Casilla, Valparaíso, Chile
Haubois, X.; European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Corral-Santana, J.M.; European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Olofsson, J.; Núcleo Milenio de Formación Planetaria (NPF), Valparaíso, Chile ; Universidad de Valparaíso, Instituto de Física y Astronomía (IFA), Casilla, Valparaíso, Chile
Huélamo, N.; Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Esac Campus, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Sterzik, M.F.; European Southern Observatory, Garching bei Munchen, Germany
Torres, C.A.O.; Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica/MCTIC, Itajubá, MG, Brazil
Quast, G.R.; Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica/MCTIC, Itajubá, MG, Brazil
Melo, C.H.F.; European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Search for associations containing young stars (SACY): VIII. An updated census of spectroscopic binary systems exhibiting hints of non-universal multiplicity among their associations
ANID - Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo [CL] ESO - European Southern Observatory [DE] FONDECYT - Chile Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico [CL] Spanish State Research Agency [ES]
Funding text :
Acknowledgements. The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments that helped to improve the content and clarity of this paper. S. Z-F acknowledges financial support from the European Southern Observatory via its studentship program and ANID via PFCHA/Doctorado Nacional/2018-21181044. All the authors acknowledge Dr. M. Sucerquia and Dr. N. Cuello for helpful insight and fruitful discussions on multiple systems’ evolution. J. O. acknowledges support from Fondecyt (grant 1180395). S. Z-F., A. B., J. O. and C.‘Z, acknowledge support from Iniciativa Científica Mile-nio via Núcleo Milenio de Formación Planetaria. A. B acknowledges support from Fondecyt (grant 1190748). N. H. has been funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) Project No. ESP2017-87676-C5-1-R and No. MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”-Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC). This research made use of Astropy (http://www.astropy. org), a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018). This research has made use of the SIMBAD database and VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France. The original description of the VizieR service was published in Ochsenbein et al. (2000). This research has made use of the services of the ESO Science Archive Facility, based on data products created from observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programmes 077.B-0348, 086.A-9014, 088.A-9007, 077.D-0712, 090. D-0061, 091.D-0414, 082.D-0933, 077.C-0138, 078.A-9059, 084.A-9004, 094.A-9012, 077.C-0573, 083.A-9004, 084.B-0029, 077.A-9005, 082.A-9007, 078.C-0378, 079.A-9017, 060.A-9700, 083.A-9003, 077.C-0192, 079.A-9007, 086.A-9006, 078.D-0080, 085.A-9027, 080.A-9006, 090.A-9013, 089.A-9007, 093.A-9029, 084.A-9003, 082.C-0446, 086.D-0460, 087.C-0476, 090.C-0345, 077.D-0478, 086.A-9007, 090.A-9003, 090.A-9010, 089.D-0709, 077.C-0258, 079.A-9002, 078.A-9048, 077.A-9009, 078.A-9058, 079.A-9006, 092.A-9007, 093.C-0343, 095.C-0437 and 097.C-0444. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. Funding for the TESS Asteroseismic Science Operations Centre is provided by the Danish National Research Foundation (Grant agreement no.: DNRF106), ESA PRODEX (PEA 4000119301) and Stellar Astrophysics Centre (SAC) at Aarhus University. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia, processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-2655. This research has made use of the Washington Double Star Catalog maintained at the US Naval Observatory.
Dall, T. H., Santos, N. C., Arentoft, T., Bedding, T. R., & Kjeldsen, H. 2006, A&A, 454, 341
Dekker, H., D'Odorico, S., Kaufer, A., Delabre, B., & Kotzlowski, H. 2000, in Optical and IR Telescope Instrumentation and Detectors, eds. M. Iye, & A. F. Moorwood, SPIE Conf. Ser., 4008, 534
de la Reza, R., Torres, C. A. O., Quast, G., Castilho, B. V., & Vieira, G. L. 1989, ApJ, 343, L61
Elliott, P., Bayo, A., Melo, C. H. F., et al. 2016, A&A, 590, A13
Flagg, L., Shkolnik, E. L., Weinberger, A., et al. 2020, ApJ, 896, 153
Freedman, D., & Diaconis, P. 1981, Zeitschrift fur Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verwandte Gebiete, 57, 453
Gagné, J., Mamajek, E. E., Malo, L., et al. 2018, ApJ, 856, 23
Gaia Collaboration (Brown, A. G. A., et al.) 2018, A&A, 616, A1
Ghez, A. M., McCarthy, D. W., Patience, J. L., & Beck, T. L. 1997, ApJ, 481, 378
Gontcharov, G. A. 2006, Astron. Lett., 32, 759
Grandjean, A., Lagrange, A. M., Keppler, M., et al. 2020, A&A, 633, A44
Gray, D. F. 1976, The Observation and Analysis of Stellar Photospheres (New York: Wiley)
Griffin, R. F. 2010, Observatory, 130, 125
Guieu, S., Dougados, C., Monin, J.-L., Magnier, E., & Martín, E. L. 2006, A&A, 446, 485
Howell, S. B., Sobeck, C., Haas, M., et al. 2014, PASP, 126, 398
Huber, P. J. 1964, Ann. Math. Statist., 35, 73
Ivezić, Ẑ., Connelly, A. J., Vand erPlas, J. T., & Gray, A. 2014, Statistics, Data Mining, and Machine Learning in Astronomy (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press)
Jaehnig, K., Bird, J. C., Stassun, K. G., et al. 2017, ApJ, 851, 14
Janson, M., Durkan, S., Hippler, S., et al. 2017, A&A, 599, A70
Johnson-Groh, M., Marois, C., Rosa, R. J. D., et al. 2017, AJ, 153, 190
Kastner, J. H., Zuckerman, B., Weintraub, D. A., & Forveille, T. 1997, Science, 277, 67
Katz, D., Sartoretti, P., Cropper, M., et al. 2018, A&A, 622, A205
Kaufer, A., Stahl, O., Tubbesing, S., et al. 1999, Messenger, 95, 8
Konopacky, Q. M., Ghez, A. M., Duchêne, G., McCabe, C., & Macintosh, B. A. 2007, AJ, 133, 2008
Kounkel, M., & Covey, K. 2019, AJ, 158, 122
Kouwenhoven, M. B. N. 2006, PhD thesis, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Kouwenhoven, M. B. N., Brown, A. G. A., Portegies Zwart, S. F., & Kaper, L. 2007, A&A, 474, 77
Kraus, A. L., Ireland, M. J., Martinache, F., & Hillenbrand, L. A. 2011, ApJ, 731, 8
Kraus, A. L., Shkolnik, E. L., Allers, K. N., & Liu, M. C. 2014, AJ, 147, 146
Lopez-Santiago, J., Montes, D., Crespo-Chacon, I., & Fernandez-Figueroa, M. J. 2006, ApJ, 643, 1160
Macintosh, B., Max, C., Zuckerman, B., et al. 2001, Young Stars Near Earth: Progress and Prospects, eds. R. Jayawardhana, & T. Greene, ASP Conf. Ser., 244, 309
Maldonado, J., Martínez-Arnáiz, R. M., Eiroa, C., Montes, D., & Montesinos, B. 2010, A&A, 521, A12
Malkov, O. Y., Tamazian, V. S., Docobo, J. A., & Chulkov, D. A. 2012, A&A, 546, A69
Malo, L., Artigau, É., Doyon, R., et al. 2014, ApJ, 788, 81
Mamajek, E. E., & Feigelson, E. D. 2001, in Young Stars Near Earth: Progress and Prospects, eds. R. Jayawardhana, & T. Greene, ASP Conf. Ser., 244, 104
Mayor, M., Pepe, F., Queloz, D., et al. 2003, Messenger, 114, 20
Melo, C. H. F. 2003, A&A, 410, 269
Melo, C. H. F., Pasquini, L., & De Medeiros, J. R. 2001, A&A, 375, 851
Merle, T., der Swaelmen, M. V., Eck, S. V., et al. 2020, A&A, 635, A155
Mochnacki, S. W., Gladders, M. D., Thomson, J. R., et al. 2002, AJ, 124, 2868
Montes, D., López-Santiago, J., Fernández-Figueroa, M. J., & Gálvez, M. C. 2001, A&A, 379, 976
Moór, A., Szabó, G., Kiss, L., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 435, 1376
Moraux, E. 2016, in EAS Publ. Ser., 80-81, 73
Murphy, S. J., Lawson, W. A., & Bento, J. 2015, MNRAS, 453, 2220
Natta, A., Testi, L., & Randich, S. 2006, A&A, 452, 245
Nguyen, D. C., Brandeker, A., van Kerkwijk, M. H., & Jayawardhana, R. 2012, ApJ, 745, 119
Nielsen, E., Close, L., Guirado, J., et al. 2005, Astron. Nachr., 326, 1033
Nielsen, E. L., Rosa, R. J. D., Wang, J., et al. 2016, AJ, 152, 175
Nordstrom, B., Olsen, E. H., Andersen, J., Mayor, M., & Pont, F. 1996, in The History of the Milky Way and Its Satellite System, eds. A. Burkert, D. H. Hartmann, & S. A. Majewski, ASP Conf. Ser., 112, 145