General Environmental Science; Ecology; Environmental Chemistry; Global and Planetary Change
Abstract :
[en] AbstractRedesigning agrosystems to include more ecological regulations can help feed a growing human population, preserve soils for future productivity, limit dependency on synthetic fertilizers, and reduce agriculture contribution to global changes such as eutrophication and warming. However, guidelines for redesigning cropping systems from natural systems to make them more sustainable remain limited. Synthetizing the knowledge on biogeochemical cycles in natural ecosystems, we outline four ecological systems that synchronize the supply of soluble nutrients by soil biota with the fluctuating nutrient demand of plants. This synchrony limits deficiencies and excesses of soluble nutrients, which usually penalize both production and regulating services of agrosystems such as nutrient retention and soil carbon storage. In the ecological systems outlined, synchrony emerges from plant–soil and plant–plant interactions, eco‐physiological processes, soil physicochemical processes, and the dynamics of various nutrient reservoirs, including soil organic matter, soil minerals, atmosphere, and a common market. We discuss the relative importance of these ecological systems in regulating nutrient cycles depending on the pedoclimatic context and on the functional diversity of plants and microbes. We offer ideas about how these systems could be stimulated within agrosystems to improve their sustainability. A review of the latest advances in agronomy shows that some of the practices suggested to promote synchrony (e.g., reduced tillage, rotation with perennial plant cover, crop diversification) have already been tested and shown to be effective in reducing nutrient losses, fertilizer use, and N2O emissions and/or improving biomass production and soil carbon storage. Our framework also highlights new management strategies and defines the conditions for the success of these nature‐based practices allowing for site‐specific modifications. This new synthetized knowledge should help practitioners to improve the long‐term productivity of agrosystems while reducing the negative impact of agriculture on the environment and the climate.
Disciplines :
Agriculture & agronomy
Author, co-author :
Fontaine, Sébastien ; INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial Clermont‐Ferrand France
Abbadie, Luc; UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université Paris France
Aubert, Michaël ; UNIROUEN, INRAE, ECODIV‐Rouen, Normandie Univ Rouen France
Barot, Sébastien ; UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université Paris France
Bloor, Juliette M. G.; INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial Clermont‐Ferrand France
Derrien, Delphine ; INRAE, BEF Nancy France
Duchene, Olivier ; ISARA, Research Unit Agroecology and Environment Lyon France
Gross, Nicolas ; INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial Clermont‐Ferrand France
Henneron, Ludovic ; UNIROUEN, INRAE, ECODIV‐Rouen, Normandie Univ Rouen France
Le Roux, Xavier ; INRAE UMR 1418, CNRS UMR 5557, VetAgroSup, Microbial Ecology Centre LEM, Université de Lyon Villeurbanne France
Loeuille, Nicolas ; UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université Paris France
Michel, Jennifer ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Plant Sciences
Recous, Sylvie ; INRAE, FARE, Université de Reims Champagne‐Ardenne Reims France
Wipf, Daniel ; Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
Alvarez, Gaël ; INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial Clermont‐Ferrand France
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