network; carbon dioxide; chemical recycling; thiol ene reaction
Abstract :
[en] Finding new chemistry platforms for easily recyclable polymers has become a key challenge to face environmental concerns and the growing plastics demand. Here, we report a dynamic chemistry between CO2-sourced alkylidene oxazolidones and thiols, delivering circular non-isocyanate polyurethane networks embedding N,S-acetal bonds. The production of oxazolidone monomers from CO2 is facile and scalable starting from cheap reagents. Their copolymerization with a polythiol occurs under mild conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of acid to furnish polymer networks. The polymer structure is easily tuned by virtue of monomer design, translating into a wide panel of mechanical properties similar to commodity plastics, ranging from PDMS-like elastomers [with Young's modulus (E) of 2.9 MPa and elongation at break (εbreak) of 159%] to polystyrene-like rigid plastics (with E = 2400 MPa, εbreak = 3%). The highly dissociative nature of the N,S-acetal bonds is demonstrated and exploited to offer three different recycling scenarios to the thermosets: (1) mechanical recycling by compression molding, extrusion, or injection molding─with multiple recycling (at least 10 times) without any material property deterioration, (2) chemical recycling through depolymerization, followed by repolymerization, also applicable to composites, and (3) upcycling of two different oxazolidone-based thermosets into a single one with distinct properties. This work highlights a new facile and scalable chemical platform for designing highly dynamic polymer networks containing elusive oxazolidone motifs. The versatility of this chemistry shows great potential for the preparation of materials (including composites) of tuneable structures and properties, with multiple end-of-life scenarios.
Research Center/Unit :
CESAM - Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials - ULiège CERM - Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules - ULiège
Disciplines :
Materials science & engineering Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Habets, Thomas ; University of Liège [ULiège] - Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials [CESAM] Research Unit - Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules [CERM] - Belgium
Seychal, Guillem ; University of Mons [UMons] - Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers [CIRMAP] - Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials - Belgium ; University of the Basque Country - POLYMAT - Donostia/SanSebastian - Spain
Caliari, Marco ; University of Liège [ULiège] - Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials [CESAM] Research Unit - Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules [CERM] - Belgium ; University of the Basque Country - POLYMAT - Donostia/SanSebastian - Spain
Raquez, Jean-Marie ; University of Mons [UMons] - Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers [CIRMAP] - Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials - Belgium
Sardon, Haritz ; University of the Basque Country - POLYMAT - Donostia/SanSebastian - Spain
Grignard, Bruno ; University of Liège [ULiège] - Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials [CESAM] Research Unit - Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules [CERM] - Belgium
Detrembleur, Christophe ; University of Liège [ULiège] - Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials [CESAM] Research Unit - Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules [CERM] - Belgium
CÉCI : Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif
Name of the research project :
The " Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes - European Joint Doctorate " [ NIPU-EJD ]
Funders :
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique European Union - Horizon 2020 - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
Funding text :
The authors of Liege thank FNRS for the financial support in the frame of the COSwitch project under grant T.0075.20. C.D. is a F.R.S.-FNRS Research Director, and J.-M.R. is a F.R.S.-FNRS Senior Research Associate. Computational resources have been provided by the Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif (CÉCI), funded by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique de Belgique (F.R.S.-FNRS) under grant no. 2.5020.11 and by the Walloon Region. The authors would like to thank the financial support provided by the NIPU-EJD project; part of this project (composite preparation and recycling) has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 955700. 2
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