Hip fracture; Major osteoporotic fracture; Meta-analysis; Osteoporotic fracture; Prior fracture; Male; Humans; Female; Bone Density; Risk Factors; Risk Assessment; Osteoporotic Fractures/etiology; Osteoporotic Fractures/complications; Osteoporosis/complications; Hip Fractures/etiology; Hip Fractures/complications; Hip Fractures; Osteoporosis; Osteoporotic Fractures; Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Abstract :
[en] [en] UNLABELLED: A large international meta-analysis using primary data from 64 cohorts has quantified the increased risk of fracture associated with a previous history of fracture for future use in FRAX.
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to quantify the fracture risk associated with a prior fracture on an international basis and to explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex, time since baseline and bone mineral density (BMD).
METHODS: We studied 665,971 men and 1,438,535 women from 64 cohorts in 32 countries followed for a total of 19.5 million person-years. The effect of a prior history of fracture on the risk of any clinical fracture, any osteoporotic fracture, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture alone was examined using an extended Poisson model in each cohort. Covariates examined were age, sex, BMD, and duration of follow-up. The results of the different studies were merged by using the weighted β-coefficients.
RESULTS: A previous fracture history, compared with individuals without a prior fracture, was associated with a significantly increased risk of any clinical fracture (hazard ratio, HR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.72-2.07). The risk ratio was similar for the outcome of osteoporotic fracture (HR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.69-2.07), major osteoporotic fracture (HR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.63-2.06), or for hip fracture (HR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.62-2.06). There was no significant difference in risk ratio between men and women. Subsequent fracture risk was marginally downward adjusted when account was taken of BMD. Low BMD explained a minority of the risk for any clinical fracture (14%), osteoporotic fracture (17%), and for hip fracture (33%). The risk ratio for all fracture outcomes related to prior fracture decreased significantly with adjustment for age and time since baseline examination.
CONCLUSION: A previous history of fracture confers an increased risk of fracture of substantial importance beyond that explained by BMD. The effect is similar in men and women. Its quantitation on an international basis permits the more accurate use of this risk factor in case finding strategies.
Disciplines :
Public health, health care sciences & services
Author, co-author :
Kanis, J A ; Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia. w.j.Pontefract@sheffield.ac.uk ; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. w.j.Pontefract@sheffield.ac.uk
Johansson, H; Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia ; Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
McCloskey, E V; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK ; MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated research in Musculoskeletal Ageing, Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Liu, E; Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
Åkesson, K E; Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ; Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
Anderson, F A; GLOW Coordinating Center, Center for Outcomes Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
Azagra, R; Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Health Centre Badia del Valles, Catalan Institute of Health, Barcelona, Spain ; PRECIOSA-Fundación para la investigación, Barberà del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
Bager, C L; Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
Beaudart, Charlotte ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unité de recherche Santé publique, épidémiologie et économie de la santé (URSAPES) ; Department of Health Services Research, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Bischoff-Ferrari, H A; Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital, Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ; Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
Biver, E; Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Bruyère, Olivier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unité de recherche Santé publique, épidémiologie et économie de la santé (URSAPES)
Cauley, J A; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, USA
Center, J R; Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Chapurlat, R; INSERM UMR 1033, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
Cooper, Cyrus ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique, Epidémiologie et Economie de la santé ; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK ; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Crandall, C J; Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Cummings, S R; San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
da Silva, J A P; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ; Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Diez-Perez, A; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar and CIBERFES, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Dufour, A B; Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Eisman, J A; Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Iki, M; Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Zwart, M; PRECIOSA-Fundación para la investigación, Barberà del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain ; Health Center Can Gibert del Plà, Catalan Institute of Health, Girona, Spain ; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain ; GROIMAP/GROICAP (research groups), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Girona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol, Girona, Spain
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Leslie, W D; Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
We are grateful to Dr. Östen Ljunggren for contributing the MrOS Sweden cohort. UK Biobank data are included under approved access agreement 3593. The authors acknowledge the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy for use of Manitoba data contained in the Population Health Research Data Repository (HIPC 2016/2017-29). The results and conclusions are those of the authors and no official endorsement by the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Manitoba Health, Seniors and Active Living, or other data providers is intended or should be inferred.The WHI program is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services through 75N92021D00001, 75N92021D00002, 75N92021D00003, 75N92021D00004, and 75N92021D00005.
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