Atmosphere; Aurorae; Infrared observations; Jupiter; Magnetosphere; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science
Abstract :
[en] We present a study of the long term variability of Jupiter's mid-infrared CH4 auroral emissions. 7.7–7.9 μm images of Jupiter recorded by NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility, Subaru and Gemini-South over the last three decades were collated in order to quantify the magnitude and timescales over which the northern auroral hotspot's CH4 emission varies. These emissions predominantly sound the 10- to 1-mbar pressure range and therefore highlight the temporal variability of lower-stratospheric auroral-related heating. We find that the ratio of the radiance of the poleward northern auroral emissions to a lower-latitude zonal-mean, henceforth ‘Relative Poleward Radiance’ or RPR, exhibits variability over a 37% range and over a range of apparent timescales. We searched for patterns of variability in order to test whether seasonally varying solar insolation, the 11-year solar cycle, or short-term solar wind variability at Jupiter's magnetopause could explain the observed evolution. The variability of the RPR exhibits a weak (r < 0.2) correlation with both the instantaneous and phase-lagged solar insolation received at Jupiter's high-northern latitudes. This rules out the hypothesis suggested in previous work (e.g. Sinclair et al. 2017a, 2018) that shortwave solar heating of aurorally produced haze particles is the dominant auroral-related heating mechanism in the lower stratosphere. We also find the variability exhibits negligible (r < 0.18) correlation with both the instantaneous and phase-lagged monthly-mean sunspot number, which therefore rules out a long-term variability associated with the solar cycle. On shorter timescales, we find moderate correlations of the RPR with solar wind conditions at Jupiter in the preceding days before images were recorded. For example, we find correlations of r = 0.45 and r = 0.51 of the RPR with the mean and standard deviation solar wind dynamical pressure in the preceding 7 days. The moderate correlation suggests that either: (1) only a subset of solar wind compressions lead to brighter, poleward CH4 emissions and/or (2) a subset of CH4 emission brightening events are driven by internal magnetospheric processes (e.g. Io activity) and independent of solar wind enhancements.
Research Center/Unit :
STAR - Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research - ULiège
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Sinclair, J.A. ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
West, R.; Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
Barbara, J.M.; NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, United States ; Autonomic Integra LLC, New York, United States
Tao, C.; National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Orton, G.S.; Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
Greathouse, T.K.; Southwest Research Institute, United States
Giles, R.S.; Southwest Research Institute, United States
Grodent, Denis ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP)
Fletcher, L.N.; School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, United Kingdom
Irwin, P.G.J.; Atmospheric, Oceanic & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Language :
English
Title :
Long-term variability of Jupiter's northern auroral 8-μm CH4 emissions
H2020 - 723890 - GIANTCLIMES - Giants through Time: Towards a Comprehensive Giant Planet Climatology
Funders :
NSF - National Science Foundation ERC - European Research Council MINCYT - Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration NRC - National Research Council Canada KASI - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute W. M. Keck Foundation University of Leicester MCTI - Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações UCB - University of California Berkeley ERC - European Research Council ANID - Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo JSPS - Japan Society for the Promotion of Science EU - European Union CIT - California Institute of Technology
Funding text :
The research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, United States ( 80NM0018D0004 ). The material is based upon work supported by NASA, United States under Grant NNH19ZDA001N issued through the Cassini Data Analysis (CDAP) program. The High Performance Computing resources used in this investigation were provided by funding from the JPL Information and Technology Solutions Directorate, United States . The IRTF is operated by the University of Hawaii, United States under contract NNH14CK55B with NASA. Co-author Tao acknowledges the support by MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI, Japan Grant 19H01948 . Co-author Fletcher was supported by a European Research Council Consolidator Grant (under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, grant agreement No 723890 ) at the University of Leicester. A subset of observations were recorded at the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF’s NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini Observatory partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigación Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Argentina), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). Some data were also recorded at the Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. A subset of Subaru data were recorded through the Keck-Subaru time exchange program. We acknowledge the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership between California Institute of Technology, the University of California and NASA and supported financially by the W. M. Keck Foundation. We recognize and acknowledge the very important cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain.The research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, United States (80NM0018D0004). The material is based upon work supported by NASA, United States under Grant NNH19ZDA001N issued through the Cassini Data Analysis (CDAP) program. The High Performance Computing resources used in this investigation were provided by funding from the JPL Information and Technology Solutions Directorate, United States. The IRTF is operated by the University of Hawaii, United States under contract NNH14CK55B with NASA. Co-author Tao acknowledges the support by MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI, Japan Grant 19H01948. Co-author Fletcher was supported by a European Research Council Consolidator Grant (under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, grant agreement No 723890) at the University of Leicester. A subset of observations were recorded at the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF's NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini Observatory partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Argentina), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). Some data were also recorded at the Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. A subset of Subaru data were recorded through the Keck-Subaru time exchange program. We acknowledge the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership between California Institute of Technology, the University of California and NASA and supported financially by the W. M. Keck Foundation. We recognize and acknowledge the very important cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain.
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