cooling rate; dendritic growth; olivine; phosphorus zoning; Sept Iles layered intrusion; Cooling rates; Dendritic growth; Dendritics; Earth's crust; Layered intrusions; Magma chamber; Model-based OPC; Phosphorus zoning; Sept ile layered intrusion; Undercoolings; Geophysics; Geochemistry and Petrology; Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous); Space and Planetary Science
Abstract :
[en] Layered intrusions are fossilized mafic magma chambers in the Earth's crust. The pathways that led to crystallization and solidification of layered intrusions have been hotly debated as the growth model of primocrysts (the earliest-formed crystals) in mafic magma chambers remains enigmatic. In this study, we carried out high-resolution elemental mapping of mm-scale olivine primocrysts from the Sept Iles layered intrusion (Canada), the third largest one in the world, with a focus on phosphorus (P) zoning of olivine. Our results reveal that complex P zoning of olivine with intense dissolution textures is ubiquitous in the ∼4.7 km-thick Layered Series of the intrusion. The P-rich zones of olivine are featured with dendritic, hopper and sector-zoned patterns, which are attributed to significant magma undercooling. Thermal modeling based on a 1-D conductive cooling model suggests that initially hot parental magma intruding into cold country rocks would result in high degrees of undercooling (-ΔT >60 °C) in the margins (i.e., floor, roof and sidewalls) of magma chamber, facilitating rapid growth of dendritic olivine, which may be then spread within the magma chamber by dynamic convection and crucial to construct initial crystal framework of a solidifying magma chamber. Additionally, diffusion modeling based on the P gradients in olivine suggests a minimum cooling rate of 2.7 to 3.3×10−3 °C/year in the center of the intrusion, similar to the averaged cooling rate of other layered intrusions (e.g., Bushveld, Stillwater and Skaergaard) reported in previous studies. This indicates that rapid cooling (ca. 10−2 to 10−3 °C/year) at high temperature (>800 °C) may be predominant regardless of the size of magma chambers. Our study demonstrates that P zoning of olivine is powerful in decoding crystallization and thermal histories of mafic-ultramafic intrusions.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Xing, Chang-Ming; Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China ; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou, China
Wang, Christina Yan; Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China ; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou, China
Charlier, Bernard ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géologie > Pétrologie, géochimie endogènes et pétrophysique
Namur, Olivier ; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
Ubiquitous dendritic olivine constructs initial crystal framework of mafic magma chamber
This study was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0702600), NSFC grants (42072068, 41921003 and 41325006), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2018388), and Science and Technology Planning of Guangdong Province, China (2020B1212060055). BC is a Research Associate of the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS. Many thanks to Jibamitra Ganguly, who kindly guided the calculation of closure temperature. William Nelson was thanked for his suggestion for the diffusivity of P in olivine. Valentina Batanova kindly shared the MongOL Sh11-2 olivine standard. Wei Tan and Jiang-Ze Wang were thanked for providing assistance during EBSD analysis and measurement of modal proportion of minerals. Eiichi Takahashi was thanked for helping FTIR analysis. We are grateful to Christian Tegner and one anonymous reviewer, and editor, Chiara Maria Petrone, who kindly provided constructive comments that were helpful to improve the manuscript.This study was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China ( 2018YFA0702600 ), NSFC grants ( 42072068 , 41921003 and 41325006 ), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS ( 2018388 ), and Science and Technology Planning of Guangdong Province , China ( 2020B1212060055 ). BC is a Research Associate of the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS. Many thanks to Jibamitra Ganguly, who kindly guided the calculation of closure temperature. William Nelson was thanked for his suggestion for the diffusivity of P in olivine. Valentina Batanova kindly shared the MongOL Sh11-2 olivine standard. Wei Tan and Jiang-Ze Wang were thanked for providing assistance during EBSD analysis and measurement of modal proportion of minerals. Eiichi Takahashi was thanked for helping FTIR analysis. We are grateful to Christian Tegner and one anonymous reviewer, and editor, Chiara Maria Petrone, who kindly provided constructive comments that were helpful to improve the manuscript.
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