[en] As a result of factors such as global warming, habitat destruction, and species introduction, amphibians are declining worldwide. No one, however, has analyzed the status of polymorphic amphibian species at a national or continental scale, although some local reports exist. Our aim was to report on the loss of intraspecific heterochrony as a loss to diversity in determining the consequences of fish stocking on European populations of paedomorphic newts. Paedomorphosis is a polymorphism in which larval traits are retained in the adult stage. We surveyed 39 paedomorphic populations of the alpine ( Triturus alpestris) and palmate ( T. helveticus) newts, all but one of which initially occupied fishless ponds and lakes in France, Italy, Slovenia, Bosnia, Montenegro, and Greece. Exotic fishes were found in 44% of the studied aquatic habitats, with a 100% presence in Montenegro. At all sites paedomorphs disappeared and metamorphs declined. Only fish explained these population changes because alternative factors such as drying were not significant. More catastrophically, fish introductions occurred in habitats known to support the largest populations of newts and even some endemic subspecies. If management and legislative measures are not taken to stop fish stocking, protect paedomorphs as conservation units at national and international levels, and restore natural habitats, all the largest paedomorphic populations may disappear in the near future. Their disappearance would represent a loss of one of the rare, fascinating examples of intraspecific heterochrony.
Denoël, Mathieu ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Džukić, Georg; University of Belgrade, Serbia
Kalezic, Milos L.; University of Belgrade, Serbia
Language :
English
Title :
Effects of widespread fish introductions on paedomorphic newts in Europe
Publication date :
2005
Journal title :
Conservation Biology
ISSN :
0888-8892
eISSN :
1523-1739
Publisher :
Blackwell Publishing Inc, Malden, United States - Massachusetts
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Albert, A., and J. A. Anderson. 1984. On the existence of maximum likelihood estimates in logistic regression models. Biometrica 71: 1-10.
Alford, R. A., and S. J. Richards. 1999. Global amphibian declines: a problem in applied ecology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 30:133-165.
Andreone, F. 1990. Variabilita morphologica e riproduttiva in popolazioni di Triturus alpestris (Laurenti, 1768) (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae). Ph.D. dissertation. Universita di Bologna, Italy (in Italian).
Andreone, F., and R. Sindaco. 1987. Sulla presenza e la neotenia di Triturus alpestris (Bonaparte 1839) nella Collina di Torino (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae). Bolletino del Museo regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 5:103-112 (in Italian).
Arano, B., and J. W. Arntzen. 1987. Genetic differentiation in the alpine newt, Triturus alpestris. Pages 21-24 in J. J. van Gelder, H. Strijbosch, and P. J. M. Bergers, editors. 4th ordinary general meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica. Faculty of Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Berger, L., et al. 1998. Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95:9031-9036.
Bovero, S., F. Andreone, and C. Giacoma. 1994. Aspetti comportamentali in esemplari pedogenetici e metamorfosati di Triturus alpestris apuanus. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali - Acta Biologica 71:151-155 (in Italian).
Bradford, D. F., F. Tabatabai, and D. M. Graber. 1993. Isolation of remaining populations of the native frog, Rana mucosa, by introduced fishes in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California. Conservation Biology 7:882-888.
Bradford, D. F., S. D. Cooper, T. M. J. Jenkins, K. Kratz, O. Sarnelle, and A. D. Brown. 1998. Influences of natural acidity and introduced fish on faunal assemblages in California alpine lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55:2478-2491.
Breuil, M. 1985. Etude des mesures possibles pour assurer la protection des biotopes de tritons alpestres Triturus alpestris du Parc National des Ecrins. Rapport du Marché d'étude 69/84; Parc National des Ecrins, France (in French).
Breuil, M. 1986. Biologie et différenciation géné tique des populations du triton alpestre (Triturus alpestris) (Amphibia Caudata) dans le sudest de la France et en Italie. Ph.D. dissertation. Paris-Sud University, Paris (in French).
Breuil, M. 1992. La néoténie dans le genre Triturus: mythes et réalités. Bulletin de la Société Herpétologique de France 61:11-44 (in French).
Breuil, M., and C.-P. Guillaume. 1984. Etude electrophorétique de quelques populations de tritons alpestres néoténiques (Triturus alpestris, Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae), du sud de la Yougoslavie. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 109:377-388 (in French).
Breuil, M., and G. H. Parent. 1987. Essai de caractérisation du Triton alpestre hellénique Triturus alpestrris veluchiensis. I. Historique et présentation de nouvelles données. Alytes 6:131-151 (in French).
Bridges, C. M., and R. D. Semlitsch. 2000. Variation in pesticide tolerance among and within species of Ranidae and patterns of amphibian decline. Conservation Biology 14:1490-1499.
Carr, L. W., and L. Fahrig. 2000. Effect of road traffic on two amphibian species of differing vagility. Conservation Biology 15:1071-1078.
Collins, J. P., T. R. Jones, and H. J. Berna. 1988. Conserving genetically distinctive populations: the case of the Huachuca tiger salamander (Ambystoma stebbinsi Lowe). Pages 45-53 in R. C. Szaro, K. E. Severson, and D. R. Patton, editors. Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Flagstaff, Arizona.
Denoël, M. 1997. Un cas de néoténie, dans un bâtiment désaffecté, chez le triton alpestre, Triturus alpestris apuanus (Salamandridae). Alytes 15:99-103 (in French).
Denoël, M. 2002. Paedomorphosis in the Alpine newt (Triturus alpestris): decoupling behavioural and morphological change. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 52:394-399.
Denoël, M. 2003. How do paedomorphic newts cope with lake drying? Ecography 26:405-410.
Denoël, M., and P. Joly. 2000. Neoteny and progenesis as two heterochronic processes involved in paedomorphosis in Triturus alpestris (Amphibia: Caudata). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 267:1481-1485.
Denoël, M., and P. Joly. 2001. Adaptive significance of facultative paedomorphosis in Triturus alpestris (Amphibia, Caudata): resource partitioning in an alpine lake. Freshwater Biology 46:1387-1396.
Denoël, M., and R. Schabetsberger. 2003. Resource use in two heterochronic populations of Greek Alpine newts, Triturus alpestris veluchiensis (Wolterstorff, 1935). Acta Oecologica 24:55-64.
Denoël, M., R. Duguet, G. Dzukic, M. Kalezic, and S. Mazzotti. 2001. Biogeography and ecology of paedomorphosis in Triturus alpestris (Amphibia, Caudata). Journal of Biogeography 28:1271-1280.
Denoël, M., F. Hervant, R. Schabetsberger, and P. Joly. 2002. Short- and long-term advantages of an alternative ontogenetic pathway. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 77:105-112.
Denoël, M., R. Schabetsberger, and P. Joly. 2004. Trophic specializations in alternative heterochronic morphs. Naturwissenschaften 91:81-84.
Dolmen, D. 1978. De neotene salamanderne ("skrattabborrene") ved Stensele. Fauna og Flora 4:171-177 (in Norwegian).
Drake, D. C., and R. J. Naiman. 2000. An evaluation of restoration efforts in fishless lakes stocked with exotic trout. Conservation Biology 14:1807-1820.
Dubois, A., and M. Breuil. 1983. Découverte de Triturus alpestris (Laurenti, 1768) en Calabre (sud de l'Italie). Alytes 2:9-18 (in French).
Fasola, M., and L. Canova. 1992. Residence in water by the newts Triturus vulgaris, T. cristatus and T. alpestris in a pond in northern Italy. Amphibia-Reptilia 13:227-233.
Ferracin, A., M. Lunadei, and N. Falcone. 1980a. An ecological note on Triturus alpestris apuanus (Bonaparte) and Triturus cristatus carnifex (Laurenti) in the Garfagnana (Lucca, Central Italy). Bolletino Zool. 47:143-147.
Ferracin, A., M. Lunadei, and N. Falcone. 1980b. Atti del osservazioni sull'ecologia del genere Triturus (Rafinesque) in Garfagnana (Lucca). Pages 477-481 in A. Moroni, O. Ravera, and A. Anelli, editors. Primo congresso nazionale della Societa Italiana di Ecologia. Societa Italiana di Ecologia, Salsaggiore Terme, Italy (in Italian).
Fraser, D. J., and L. Bernatchez. 2001. Adaptive evolutionary conservation: towards a unified concept for defining conservation units. Conservation Biology 10:2741-2752.
Gabrion, J., P. Sentein, and C. Gabrion. 1977. Les populations néoténiques de Triturus helveticus Raz. des Causses et du BasLanguedoc. I. Répartition et caractéristiques. La Terre et la Vie 31:489-506 (in French).
Gamradt, S. C., and L. B. Kats. 1996. Effect of introduced crayfish and mosquitofish on California newts. Conservation Biology 10:1155-1162.
Gibbs, J. P., and A. R. Breisch. 2001. Climate warming and calling phenology of frogs near Ithaca, New York, 1900-1999. Conservation Biology 15:1175-1178.
Goodsell, J. A., and L. B. Kats. 1999. Effect of introduced mosquitofish on pacific treefrogs and the role of alternative prey. Conservation Biology 13:921-924.
Hecnar, S. J., and R. T. M'Closkey. 1997. The effects of predatory fish on amphibian species richness and distribution. Biological Conservation 79:123-131.
Herbeck, L. A., and D. R. Larsen. 1998. Plethodontid salamander response to silvicultural practices in Missouri Ozark Forests. Conservation Biology 13:623-632.
Herrero, P., B. Arano, and C. G. Delavega. 1989. Chromosome differentiation in the Triturus alpestris complex (Amphibia, Caudata). Genetica 79:27-35.
Houlahan, J. E., C. S. Findlay B. R. Schmidt, A. H. Meyer, and S. L. Kuzmin. 2000. Quantitative evidence for global amphibian population declines. Nature 404:752-755.
Jackson, M. E., and R. D. Semlitsch. 1993. Paedomorphosis in the salamander Ambystoma talpoideum: effects of a fish predator. Ecology 74:342-350.
Joly, P., C. Miaud, A. Lehmann, and O. Grolet. 2001. Habitat matrix effects on pond occupancy in newts. Conservation Biology 15:239-248.
Kalezic, M. L., and G. Dzukic. 1985. Ecological aspects of the smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris) paedomorphosis from Montenegro. Arhiv Bioloskih Nauka 37:43-50.
Kalezic, M. L., G. Dzukic, and A. Popadic. 1989. Paedomorphosis in Yugoslav Alpine newt (Triturus alpestris) populations: morphometric variability and sex ratio. Arhiv Bioloskih Nauka 41:67-79.
Kats, L. B., and R.P Ferrer. 2003. Alien predators and amphibian declines: review of two decades of science and the transition to conservation. Diversity and Distributions 9:99-110.
Kiesecker, J. M., A. R. Blaustein, and C. L. Miller. 2001. Transfer of a pathogen from fish to amphibians. Conservation Biology 15:1064-1070.
Knapp, R. A., and K. R. Matthews. 2000. Non-native fish introductions and the decline of the mountain yellow-legged frog from within protected areas. Conservation Biology 14:428-438.
Knapp, R. A., K. R. Matthews, and O. Sarnelle. 2001. Resistance and resilience of alpine lake fauna to fish introductions. Ecological Monographs 71:401-421.
Kosoric, D., and Z. Pocrnic. 1966. Der Einfluss der Ansiedlung von Regenbogenfirellen auf die Populationen des Neotenischen Bergmolches. Ribarstvo Jugoslavije 21:137-139 (in German).
Lawler, S. P., D. Dritz, T. Strange, and M. Holyoak. 1999. Effects of introduced mosquitofish and bullfrogs on the threatened California red-legged frog. Conservation Biology 13:613-622.
Meyer, A. H., B. R. Schmidt, and K. Grossenbacher. 1998. Analysis of three amphibian populations with quarter-century long time-series. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 265:523-528.
Middleton, E. M., J. R. Herman, E. A. Celarier, J. W. Wilkinson, C. Carey, and R. J. Rusin. 2001. Evaluating ultraviolet radiation exposure with satellite data at sites of amphibian declines in Central and South America. Conservation Biology 15:914-929.
Monello, R. J., and R. G. Wright. 2001. Predation by goldfish (Carassius auratus) on eggs and larvae of the eastern long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum columbianium). Journal of Herpetology 35:350-353.
Nyström, P., O. Svensson, L. B., C. Brönmark, and W. Granéli. 2001. The influence of multiple introduced predators on a littoral pond community. Ecology 82:1023-1039.
Pahkala, M., K. Räsänen, A. Laurila, U. Johanson, L. O. Björn, and J. Merilä. 2002. Lethal and sublethal effects of UV-B-pH synergism on common frog embryos. Conservation Biology 16:1063-1073.
Petranka, J. W. 1998. Salamanders of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
Pocrnjic, Z., and D. Kosoric. 1966. New finding-sites of neotenic alpine tritons (Triturus alpestris). Bulletin Scientifique, Beograd, A 11:251.
Pounds, J. A., M. P. L. Fogden, and J. H. Campbell. 1999. Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain. Nature 398:611-615.
Radovanovic, M. 1951. A new race of the Alpine newt from Yugoslavia. British Journal of Herpetology 1:93-97.
Radovanovic, M. 1961. Neue Fundorte Neotenischer Bergmolche in Jugoslawien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 206-218 (in German).
Seliskar, A., and H. Pehani. 1935. Limnologische Beiträge zum Problem der Amphibienneotenie (Beobachtungen an Tritonen der Triglavseen). Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 7:263-294 (in German).
Semlitsch, R. D. 1987. Paedomorphosis in Ambystoma talpoideum: effects of density, food, and pond drying. Ecology 68:994-1002.
Semlitsch, R. D., and H. M. Wilbur. 1989. Artificial selection for paedomorphosis in the salamander Ambystoma talpoideum. Evolution 43:105-112.
Semlitsch, R. D., D. E. Scott J. H. K. Pechmann, and J. W. Gibbons 1996. Structure and dynamics of an amphibian community: evidence from a 16-year study of a natural pond. Pages 217-248 in M. L. Cody and J. A. Smallwood, editors. Long-term studies of vertebrate communities. Academic Press, San Diego.
Smith, G. R. J. E. Rettig, G. G. Mittzelbach, J. L. Valiulis, and S. R. Schaack. 1999. The effects of fish on assemblages of amphibians in ponds: a field experiment. Freshwater Biology 41:829-837.
Sotiropoulos, K., L. Tomovic, G. Dzukic, and M. L. Kalezic. 2001. Morphological differentiation of the alpine newt (Triturus alpestris) in the Balkans: taxonomic implications. Herpetological Journal 11: 1-8.
Tyler, T. J., W. J. Liss, R. L. Hoffman, and L. M. Ganio. 1998. Experimental analysis of trout effects on survival, growth, and habitat use of two species of ambystomatid salamanders. Journal of Herpetology 32:345-349.
Voss, S. R. 1995. Genetic basis of paedomorphosis in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum: a test of the single-gene hypothesis. Journal of Heredity 86:441-447.
Werner, F. 1902. Eine neue Varietät des Alpenmolches aus Bosnien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 52:7-9 (in German).
Whiteman, H. H. 1994. Evolution of facultative paedomorphosis in salamanders. Quarterly Review of Biology 69:205-221.
Whiteman, H. H., and R. D. Howard. 1998. Conserving alternative amphibian phenotypes: Is there anybody out there? Pages 317-324 in M. J. Lannoo, editor. The status and conservation of Midwestern amphibians. Iowa University Press, Iowa City.
Whiteman, H. H., R. D. Howard, and K. A. Whitten. 1995. Effects of pH on embryo tolerance and adult behavior in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73:1529-1537.
Whiteman, H. H., S. A. Wissinger, and W. S. Brown. 1996. Growth and foraging consequences of facultative paedomorphosis in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum. Evolutionary Ecology 10:433-446.
Wolterstorff, W. 1938. Triturus alpestris reiseri Wern. und Triturus alpestris alpestris (= typica) Laur. Vergellschaftet im Prokosko-See. Zoologischer Anzeiger 122:23-30 (in German).
Young, B. E., et al. 2001. Population declines and priorities for amphibian conservation in Latin America. Conservation Biology 15:1213-1223.
Zuiderwijk, A. 1997a. Triturus alpestris (Laurenti, 1768). Pages 72-73 in J.-P. Gasc et al., editors. Atlas of amphibians and reptiles in Europe. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Zuiderwijk, A. 1997b. Triturus helveticus (Razoumowski, 1789). Pages 78-79 in J.-P. Gasc et al., editor. Atlas of amphibians and reptiles in Europe. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Similar publications
Sorry the service is unavailable at the moment. Please try again later.
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.