[en] BACKGROUND: Upadacitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, is under investigation for the treatment of Crohn's disease. METHODS: In two phase 3 induction trials (U-EXCEL and U-EXCEED), we randomly assigned patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease to receive 45 mg of upadacitinib or placebo (2:1 ratio) once daily for 12 weeks. Patients who had a clinical response to upadacitinib induction therapy were randomly assigned in the U-ENDURE maintenance trial to receive 15 mg of upadacitinib, 30 mg of upadacitinib, or placebo (1:1:1 ratio) once daily for 52 weeks. The primary end points for induction (week 12) and maintenance (week 52) were clinical remission (defined as a Crohn's Disease Activity Index score of <150 [range, 0 to 600, with higher scores indicating more severe disease activity]) and endoscopic response (defined as a decrease in the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease [SES-CD; range, 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating more severe disease] of >50% from baseline of the induction trial [or for patients with an SES-CD of 4 at baseline, a decrease of ≥2 points from baseline]). RESULTS: A total of 526 patients underwent randomization in U-EXCEL, 495 in U-EXCEED, and 502 in U-ENDURE. A significantly higher percentage of patients who received 45-mg upadacitinib than those who received placebo had clinical remission (in U-EXCEL, 49.5% vs. 29.1%; in U-EXCEED, 38.9% vs. 21.1%) and an endoscopic response (in U-EXCEL, 45.5% vs. 13.1%; in U-EXCEED, 34.6% vs. 3.5%) (P<0.001 for all comparisons). At week 52 in U-ENDURE, a higher percentage of patients had clinical remission with 15-mg upadacitinib (37.3%) or 30-mg upadacitinib (47.6%) than with placebo (15.1%), and a higher percentage had an endoscopic response with 15-mg upadacitinib (27.6%) or 30-mg upadacitinib (40.1%) than with placebo (7.3%) (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Herpes zoster infections occurred more frequently in the 45-mg and 30-mg upadacitinib groups than in the respective placebo groups, and hepatic disorders and neutropenia were more frequent in the 30-mg upadacitinib group than in the other maintenance groups. Gastrointestinal perforations developed in 4 patients who received 45-mg upadacitinib and in 1 patient each who received 30-mg or 15-mg upadacitinib. CONCLUSIONS: Upadacitinib induction and maintenance treatment was superior to placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease. (Funded by AbbVie; U-EXCEL, U-EXCEED, and U-ENDURE ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT03345849, NCT03345836, and NCT03345823.).
Disciplines :
Gastroenterology & hepatology
Author, co-author :
Loftus, Edward V Jr; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Panés, Julian; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Lacerda, Ana P; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
D'Haens, Geert; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Panaccione, Remo; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Reinisch, Walter; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Louis, Edouard ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service de gastroentérologie, hépatologie, onco. digestive ; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Chen, Minhu; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Nakase, Hiroshi; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Begun, Jakob; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Boland, Brigid S; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Phillips, Charles; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Mohamed, Mohamed-Eslam F; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Liu, Jianzhong; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Geng, Ziqian; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Feng, Tian; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Dubcenco, Elena; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
Colombel, Jean-Frederic; From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of
