[en] : In this study, a comparison was made of the chemical makeup of different extracts obtained
from Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, a type of red seaweed that was gathered from the Nador lagoon situated
in the northern part of Morocco. Additionally, their anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties were
investigated. The application of GC-MS technology to analyze the fatty acid content of the samples
revealed that linoleic acid and eicosenoic acid were the most abundant unsaturated fatty acids across
all samples, with palmitic acid and oleic acid following in frequency. The HPLC analysis indicated that
ascorbic and kojic acids were the most prevalent phenolic compounds, while apigenin was the most
common flavonoid molecule. The aqueous extract exhibited significant levels of polyphenols and
flavonoids, registering values of 381.31 ± 0.33 mg GAE/g and 201.80 ± 0.21 mg QE/g, respectively.
Furthermore, this particular extract demonstrated a remarkable ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, as
evidenced by its IC50 value of 0.17 ± 0.67 mg/mL. In addition, the methanolic extract was found to
possess antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its ability to prevent β-carotene discoloration, with an
IC50 ranging from 0.062 ± 0.02 mg/mL to 0.070 ± 0.06 mg/mL. In vitro study showed that all extracts
significantly inhibited the enzymatic activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Finally, molecular
docking models were applied to assess the interaction between the primary phytochemicals identified
in G. bursa-pastoris extracts and the human pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The
findings suggest that these extracts contain bioactive substances capable of reducing enzyme activity
more effectively than the commercially available drug acarbose.
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