Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Humboldt Penguins-Susceptibility Patterns and Molecular Epidemiology of Clinical and Environmental Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates from a Belgian Zoo, 2017-2022.
Aspergillus fumigatus; MIC; One Health; Spheniscus humboldti; antifungal susceptibility testing; avian aspergillosis; azole resistance; cyp51A; genotyping; microsatellite typing; Microbiology; Biochemistry; Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (all); Microbiology (medical); Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology (medical); General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Abstract :
[en] Aspergillus fumigatus is the main causative agent of avian aspergillosis and results in significant health problems in birds, especially those living in captivity. The fungal contamination by A. fumigatus in the environment of Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti), located in a Belgian zoo, was assessed through the analysis of air, water, sand and nest samples during four non-consecutive days in 2021-2022. From these samples, potential azole-resistant A. fumigatus (ARAF) isolates were detected using a selective culture medium. A total of 28 veterinary isolates obtained after necropsy of Humboldt penguins and other avian species from the zoo were also included. All veterinary and suspected ARAF isolates from the environment were characterized for their azole-resistance profile by broth microdilution. Isolates displaying phenotypic resistance against at least one medical azole were systematically screened for mutations in the cyp51A gene. A total of 14 (13.6%) ARAF isolates were identified from the environment (n = 8) and from Humboldt penguins (n = 6). The TR34/L98H mutation was observed in all resistant environmental strains, and in two resistant veterinary strains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of this mutation in A. fumigatus isolates from Humboldt penguins. During the period 2017-2022, pulmonary aspergillosis was confirmed in 51 necropsied penguins, which reflects a death rate due to aspergillosis of 68.0%, mostly affecting adults. Microsatellite polymorphism analysis revealed a high level of diversity among environmental and veterinary A. fumigatus isolates. However, a cluster was observed between one veterinary isolate and six environmental strains, all resistant to medical azoles. In conclusion, the environment of the Humboldt penguins is a potential contamination source of ARAF, making their management even more complex.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Debergh, Hanne ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) ; Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Becker, Pierre; BCCM/IHEM, Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Vercammen, Francis ; Veterinarian, Centre for Research and Conservation, Antwerp Zoo Society, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium
Lagrou, Katrien ; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Saegerman, Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appliqués aux sciences vétérinaires
Packeu, Ann; Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium ; BCCM/IHEM, Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Humboldt Penguins-Susceptibility Patterns and Molecular Epidemiology of Clinical and Environmental Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates from a Belgian Zoo, 2017-2022.
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