Babesia; DNA; Ecuadorian Amazon; Trypanosoma; faecal samples; non-human primate; wildlife rehabilitation center; Immunology and Allergy; Molecular Biology; Immunology and Microbiology (all); Microbiology (medical); Infectious Diseases; General Immunology and Microbiology
Abstract :
[en] Trypanosomes are a group of pathogens distributed in the continents of Africa, America, Asia and Europe, and they affect all vertebrates including the neotropical primate group. Information about the trypanosome's diversity, phylogeny, ecology and pathology in non-human primates (NHPs) from the neotropical region is scarce. The objective of the study was to identify Trypanosoma and Babesia molecularly in NHPs under the phylogenetic species concept. We extracted DNA from a total of 76 faecal samples collected between 2019 and 2021, from a total of 11 non-human primate species of which 46 are from captive NHPs and 30 are free-living NHPs in the Western Amazon region of Ecuador. We did not detect DNA of Babesia sp. by polymerase chain reaction test in any of the faecal samples. However, the nested-PCR-based method revealed Trypanosoma parasites by ITS gene amplification in two faecal samples; one for the species Leontocebus lagonotus (from the captive population) and a second one for Cebus albifrons (from the free-ranging population). Maximum parsimony and likelihood methods with the Kimura2+G+I model inferred the evolutionary history of the two records, which showed an evolutionary relationship with the genus Trypanosoma. Two sequences are monophyletic with Trypanosoma. However, the number of sequences available in GenBank for their species identification is limited. The two samples present different molecular identifications and evolutionary origins in the tree topology. We are most likely referring to two different species, and two different localities of infection. We suggest that health management protocols should be implemented to prevent the transmission of blood-borne pathogens such as Trypanosoma sp. among captive populations. In addition, these protocols also protect the personnel of wildlife rehabilitation centers working in close proximity to NHPs and vice versa.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Carrillo-Bilbao, Gabriel; Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-Uliège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium ; Facultad de Filosofía y Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador ; Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
Navarro, Juan-Carlos ; Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes, Ecoepidemiología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170134, Ecuador
Martin-Solano, Sarah ; Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador ; Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, P.O. Box 171-5-231, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
Chávez-Larrea, María-Augusta; Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-Uliège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium ; Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, P.O. Box 171-5-231, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
Cholota-Iza, Cristina; Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, P.O. Box 171-5-231, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
Saegerman, Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appliqués aux sciences vétérinaires
Language :
English
Title :
First Molecular Identification of Trypanosomes and Absence of Babesia sp. DNA in Faeces of Non-Human Primates in the Ecuadorian Amazon.
ARES - Académie de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur UISEK - International University SEK
Funding text :
This work was funded the Academy of Research and Higher Education (ARES) through an institutional support program entitled “Hemoparasites and arboviruses in non-human primates of the Ecuadorian Amazon using non-invasive techniques”, which involves the Universidad Central del Ecuador and the University of Liège in Belgium. We also had a grant from UISEK number: DII-UISEK-P011617-2 (J.-C.N.).
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