[en] The tight correlations found between the mass of supermassive black holes and the luminosities, stellar masses and velocity dispersions of their host galaxies are often interpreted as a sign of their co-evolution. Studying these correlations across redshift provides a powerful insight into the evolutionary path followed by the quasar and its host galaxy. While the mass of the black hole is accessible from single-epoch spectra, measuring the mass of its host galaxy is challenging as the active nucleus largely overshines its host. Here we present a technique to probe quasar–host relations beyond the local Universe with strong gravitational lensing, hence overcoming the use of stellar population models or velocity dispersion measurements, both prone to degeneracies. We study in detail one of the three known cases of strong lensing by a quasar to accurately measure the mass of its host and to infer a total lensing mass within the Einstein radius. The lensing measurement is more precise than any other alternative technique and compatible with the local scaling relation between the mass of the black hole and the stellar mass. The sample of such quasar–galaxy or quasar–quasar lensing systems should reach a few hundred with Euclid and the Rubin-Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, thus enabling the application of such a method with statistically significant sample sizes.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Millon, Martin ; Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Versoix, Switzerland ; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
Courbin, Frédéric ; Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Versoix, Switzerland
Galan, Aymeric ; Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Versoix, Switzerland ; Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
Sluse, Dominique ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) ; STAR Institute, Liège, Belgium
Ding, Xuheng; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
Tewes, Malte ; Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Djorgovski, S.G.; California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
Language :
English
Title :
Strong gravitational lensing by AGNs as a probe of the quasar–host relations in the distant Universe
M.M. acknowledges the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under grant P500PT_203114. M.M., F.C. and A.G. are supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (COSMICLENS: grant agreement no. 787886) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under grant 200020_200463. X.D. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant no. JP22K14071.
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