aerodigestive disorder; bile acid; canine; canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; mass spectrometry; Bile Acids and Salts; Dogs; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Dog Diseases/diagnosis; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/veterinary; Respiratory Tract Diseases/complications; Respiratory Tract Diseases/veterinary; Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications; Gastroesophageal Reflux/veterinary; Veterinary (all); General Veterinary
Abstract :
[en] [en] BACKGROUND: Salivary bile acids are used to diagnose extraesophageal reflux (EER) and to evaluate the risk of reflux aspiration that is associated with respiratory diseases in dogs.
OBJECTIVES: To study total bile acid (TBA) concentrations in saliva and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to investigate EER and reflux aspiration in dogs with respiratory diseases and in healthy dogs.
ANIMALS: Thirty-one West Highland White Terriers (WHWTs) with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 12 dogs with inflammatory airway disease (IAD), 6 dogs with recurrent pneumonia (RP), 26 brachycephalic dogs (BD), 27 healthy WHWTs (HW), 52 healthy dogs (HD). All privately-owned dogs.
METHODS: Saliva and BALF were collected from dogs in each group.
RESULTS: Salivary TBA concentrations were higher in IPF (median 0.1692 μM, interquartile range [IQR] 0.1115-0.2925 μM, Cohen's d 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-4.0, P < .001) and BD (0.0256 μM, IQR 0.0086-0.0417 μM, d 0.5, CI -0.1 to 1.1, P = .003) compared to HD (0 μM, IQR not quantifiable [n.q.]-0.0131 μM). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid TBA concentrations were higher in IPF (0.0117 μM, IQR 0.0048-0.0361 μM, d 0.5, CI 0-1.1, P < .001) compared to HD (0 μM, IQR n.q.-0.0074 μM).
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Extraesophageal reflux and reflux aspiration occur in healthy dogs and those with respiratory diseases.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Kouki, Sirkku ; Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Viitanen, Sanna J ; Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Koho, Ninna; Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Laurila, Henna P; Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Lilja-Maula, Liisa; Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Holopainen, Saila ; Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Neuvonen, Mikko; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Niemi, Mikko; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Fastrès, Aline ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) > FARAH: Médecine vétérinaire comparée
Clercx, Cécile ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) > FARAH: Médecine vétérinaire comparée
Rajamäki, Minna M; Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Language :
English
Title :
Extraesophageal reflux and reflux aspiration in dogs with respiratory diseases and in healthy dogs.
Study was supported in part by grants from Finnish Veterinary Research Foundation, Finnish Foundation of Veterinary Research, and Finnish Kennel Club. Preliminary results were presented as an abstract at the European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Companion Animals (ECVIM‐CA) E‐Congress, September 2021, and as a poster at the Annual Veterinary Congress of the Finnish Veterinary Association, Helsinki, Finland, December 2021. We thank Jouni Junnila from 4Pharma/EstiMates for his contribution to statistical analysis, laboratory staff for their contribution to laboratory analytics and Tiina Heinänen for technical assistance.Study was supported in part by grants from Finnish Veterinary Research Foundation, Finnish Foundation of Veterinary Research, and Finnish Kennel Club. Preliminary results were presented as an abstract at the European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Companion Animals (ECVIM-CA) E-Congress, September 2021, and as a poster at the Annual Veterinary Congress of the Finnish Veterinary Association, Helsinki, Finland, December 2021. We thank Jouni Junnila from 4Pharma/EstiMates for his contribution to statistical analysis, laboratory staff for their contribution to laboratory analytics and Tiina Heinänen for technical assistance.
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