A Low-Frequency Portable Continuous Wave Radar System for Vital Signs Monitoring

Ebrahim M.P., Rmit University; Tom N., Monash University; Redouté, Jean-Michel; Yuce M.R., Monash University

doi:10.1109/JSEN.2023.3251978

Request a copy

Article (Scientific journals)

A Low-Frequency Portable Continuous Wave Radar System for Vital Signs Monitoring

Ebrahim M.P., Rmit University; Tom N., Monash University; Redouté, Jean-Michel et al.

2023 • In IEEE Sensors Journal, 23 (8), p. 8876 - 8886

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2268/303538

DOI
10.1109/JSEN.2023.3251978

Files (1)Send to Details Statistics Bibliography Similar publications

Files

Full Text

2023 - A_Low-Frequency_Portable_Continuous_Wave_Radar_System_for_Vital_Signs_Monitoring.pdf

Publisher postprint (2.44 MB)

Request a copy

All documents in ORBi are protected by a user license.

Send to

RIS BibTex APA Chicago Permalink X Linkedin

Details

Keywords :

Continuous wave radar; heart rate (HR); respiration rate (RR); vital signs; wearable radar; Computer architecture; Health risks; Heart; Mean square error; Microwave antennas; Patient monitoring; Radar antennas; Radar measurement; Radar signal processing; Wearable sensors; Heart-rate; Lower frequencies; Radars antennas; Rate monitoring; Real- time; Respiration rate; Vital sign; Vital signs monitoring; Wearable radar; Doppler radar

Abstract :

[en] Modalities for continuous real-time heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) monitoring are a crucial diagnostic tool, specifically in early detection of potential health risks and timely intervention to reduce fatality. A low-frequency chest-wearable continuous wave (CW) radar device (RDR-SENSE) has been designed and developed for continuous monitoring of HR and RR. The developed RDR-SENSE device detects the periodic movements in the human thoracic region associated with cardio-pulmonary activities. The chest-wearable low-power RDR-SENSE device has been designed and manufactured in small size ( 5times 5 cm). Five volunteers' cardio-pulmonary activities were collected using the device in five different respiratory scenarios, and a precise signal processing algorithm was applied to derive their HR and RR data. The measured data were compared with the reference signals to evaluate the RDR-SENSE's performance. The measured heart and RRs were highly promising in terms of accuracy. The mean absolute error was one beat per minute (BPM) for the HR and 0.75 respiration per minute (RPM) for the RR. The root mean square error was 1.55 BPM for the HR and 1.25 RPM for the RR. The developed RDR-SENSE explores the prospects of a chest-wearable, compact, low-frequency radar device for accurate continuous HR and RR measurements during seated activities that resemble daily-life study or work. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

Disciplines :

Electrical & electronics engineering

Author, co-author :

Ebrahim M.P., Rmit University; School of Computing Technologies, Melbourne, 3001, VIC, Australia

Tom N., Monash University; Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Melbourne, 3800, VIC, Australia

Redouté, Jean-Michel ; Monash University [AU]

Yuce M.R., Monash University; Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Melbourne, 3800, VIC, Australia

Language :

English

Title :

A Low-Frequency Portable Continuous Wave Radar System for Vital Signs Monitoring

Publication date :

2023

Journal title :

IEEE Sensors Journal

ISSN :

1530-437X

eISSN :

1558-1748

Publisher :

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

8876 - 8886

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 05 June 2023

Statistics

Number of views

28 (5 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

0 (0 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

The Global Impact of Respiratory Disease, European Respiratory Society, on Behalf of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies, Sheffield, U. K., 2017.
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Accessed: May 18, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www. who. int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
C. Lockwood, T. Conroy-Hiller, and T. Page, "Vital signs, " JBI Rep., vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 207-230, 2004.
C. Kelly, "Respiratory rate 1: Why measurement and recording are crucial, " Nursing Times, vol. 114, p. 2, Apr. 2018.
J. Garcia-Niebla, P. Llontop-Garcia, J. I. Valle-Racero, G. Serra-Autonell, V. N. Batchvarov, and A. B. De Luna, "Technical mistakes during the acquisition of the electrocardiogram, " Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol., vol. 14, no. 4, 2009, Art. no. 389403.
D. Ruhlemann, K. Kugler, B. Mydlach, and P. J. Frosch, "Contact dermatitis to self-adhesive ECG electrodes, " Contact Dermatitis, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 314-315, May 2010.
A. H. Khandoker, M. Palaniswami, and C. K. Karmakar, "Support vector machines for automated recognition of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome from ECG recordings, " IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 37-48, Jan. 2009.
K. Li and S. Warren, "A wireless reflectance pulse oximeter with digital baseline control for unfiltered photoplethysmograms, " IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 269-278, Jun. 2012.
V. G. Almeida et al., "Piezoelectric probe for pressure waveform estimation in flexible tubes and its application to the cardiovascular system, " Sens. Actuators A, Phys., vol. 169, no. 1, pp. 217-226, Sep. 2011.
A. Shahshahani, Z. Zilic, and S. Bhadra, "An ultrasound-based biomedical system for continuous cardiopulmonary monitoring: A single sensor for multiple information, " IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 268-276, Jan. 2020.
C. Qiu, F. Wu, W. Han, and M. R. Yuce, "A wearable bioimpedance chest patch for real-time ambulatory respiratory monitoring, " IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 2970-2981, Sep. 2022.
M. P. Ebrahim, N. Tom, D. N. Gencoglan, E. Colak, and M. R. Yuce, "Radar and non-contact sensing, " in Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 2021.
C. G. Caro and J. A. Bloice, "Contactless apnoea detector based on radar, " Lancet, vol. 2, no. 7731, pp. 959-961, 1971.
J. C. Lin, "Microwave sensing of physiological movement and volume change: A review, " Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 557, 1992.
C. Li, V. M. Lubecke, O. Boric-Lubecke, and J. Lin, "A review on recent advances in Doppler radar sensors for noncontact healthcare monitoring, " IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 2046-2060, May 2013.
D. Groote et al., "Chest wall motion during tidal breathing, " J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 1531-1537, 1985.
G. Ramachandran and M. Singh, "Three-dimensional reconstruction of cardiac displacement patterns on the chest wall during the P, QRS and T-segments of the ECG by laser speckle inteferometry, " Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 525-530, Sep. 1989.
M. P. Ebrahim et al., "Blood pressure estimation using on-body continuous wave radar and photoplethysmogram in various posture and exercise conditions, " Sci. Rep., vol. 9, no. 1, p. 16346, Nov. 2019.
H. Zhao, X. Gu, H. Hong, Y. Li, X. Zhu, and C. Li, "Non-contact beat-tobeat blood pressure measurement using continuous wave Doppler radar, " in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., Jun. 2018, pp. 1413-1415.
W. Hu, Z. Zhao, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, and F. Lin, "Noncontact accurate measurement of cardiopulmonary activity using a compact quadrature Doppler radar sensor, " IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 725-735, Mar. 2014.
Q. Li, J. Liu, R. Gravina, Y. Li, and G. Fortino, "A UWB radar-based approach of detecting vital signals, " in Proc. IEEE 17th Int. Conf. Wearable Implant. Body Sensor Netw. (BSN), Jul. 2021, pp. 1-4.
W. Han, S. Dai, and M. R. Yuce, "Real-time contactless respiration monitoring from a radar sensor using image processing method, " IEEE Sensors J., vol. 22, no. 19, pp. 19020-19029, Oct. 2022.
H.-R. Chuang, H.-C. Kuo, F.-L. Lin, T.-H. Huang, C.-S. Kuo, and Y.-W. Ou, "60-GHz millimeter-wave life detection system (MLDS) for noncontact human vital-signal monitoring, " IEEE Sensors J., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 602-609, Mar. 2012.
K.-M. Chen, D. Misra, H. Wang, H.-R. Chuang, and E. Postow, "An X-band microwave life-detection system, " IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. BME-33, no. 7, pp. 697-701, Jul. 1986.
S. Bakhtiari, S. Liao, T. Elmer, N. S. Gopalsami, and A. C. Raptis, "A real-time heart rate analysis for a remote millimeter wave I-Q sensor, " IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 1839-1845, Jun. 2011.
J. E. Johnson, O. Shay, C. Kim, and C. Liao, "Wearable millimeterwave device for contactless measurement of arterial pulses, " IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1525-1534, Dec. 2019.
I. Kim and Y. A. Bhagat, "Towards development of a mobile RF Doppler sensor for continuous heart rate variability and blood pressure monitoring, " in Proc. 38th Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. (EMBC), Aug. 2016, pp. 3390-3393.
M.-C. Tang, C.-M. Liao, F.-K. Wang, and T.-S. Horng, "Noncontact pulse transit time measurement using a single-frequency continuouswave radar, " in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., Jun. 2018, pp. 1409-1412.
M. I. Skolnik, Radar Handbook. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2008.
I. Dove. (Aug. 2014). Analysis of Radio Propagation Inside the Human Body for in-Body Localization Purposes. [Online]. Available: http://essay. utwente. nl/66071/
G. C. R. Melia, "Electromagnetic absorption by the human body from 1-15 GHz, " Univ. York, York, U. K., Tech. Rep., 2013.
A. Ahlbom et al., "Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). International commission on non-ionizing radiation protection, " Health Phys., vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 494-522, Apr. 1998.
Voltage Controlled Oscillator-VCO, CVCO55CL-0805-0900, Crystek Corporation, Fort Myers, FL, USA, June 2019.
SKY67150-396LF: 300 to 2200 MHz Ultra Low-Noise Amplifier, SKY67150-396LF, Skyworks Solutions, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA, May 2017.
Mini-Circuits, Lumped LC Band Pass Filter, 770-870 MHz, 50 Ohms, SYBP-820+, Mini-Circuits, Brooklyn, NY, USA, 2022.
Mini Circuits, Power Splitter/Combiner, RPS-2-30+, Mini-Circuits, Brooklyn, NY, USA, 2022.
D. Buxi, J. Redoute, and M. R. Yuce, "Blood pressure estimation using pulse transit time from bioimpedance and continuous wave radar, " IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 917-927, Apr. 2017.
Mini-Circuits, DEMODULATOR/SURF MT/RoHS, SYIQ-895D+, Mini-Circuits, Brooklyn, NY, USA, 2022.
A. D. Droitcour, O. Boric-Lubecke, V. M. Lubecke, J. Lin, and G. T. A. Kovacs, "Range correlation and I/Q performance benefits in single-chip silicon Doppler radars for noncontact cardiopulmonary monitoring, " IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 838-848, Mar. 2004.
B.-K. Park, O. Boric-Lubecke, and V. M. Lubecke, "Arctangent demodulation with DC offset compensation in quadrature Doppler radar receiver systems, " IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1073-1079, May 2007.
5V, 600 mA Buck-Boost DC/DC Converter with 1. 6A Quiescent Current, LTC3130-1, Analog Devices, Wilmington, MA, USA, 2022.
A. D. Hollerbach and N. V. Sneed, "Accuracy of radial pulse assessment by length of counting interval, " Heart Lung, J. Crit. Care, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 258-264, 1990.
N. V. Sneed and A. D. Hollerbach, "Accuracy of heart rate assessment in atrial fibrillation, " Heart Lung, J. Crit. care, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 427-433, 1992.
M. Zakrzewski et al., "Quadrature imbalance compensation with ellipsefitting methods for microwave radar physiological sensing, " IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1400-1408, Jun. 2014.
A. Singh et al., "Data-based quadrature imbalance compensation for a CW Doppler radar system, " IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1718-1724, Apr. 2013.