Article (Scientific journals)
On the Diversity of Asymmetries in Gapped Protoplanetary Disks
van der Marel, Nienke; Birnstiel, Til; Garufi, Antonio et al.
2021In Astronomical Journal, 161, p. 33
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Keywords :
Protoplanetary disks; Circumstellar disks; Planet formation; 1300; 235; 1241; Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics; Astrophysics; - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] Protoplanetary disks with large inner dust cavities are thought to host massive planetary or substellar companions. These disks show asymmetries and rings in the millimeter continuum caused by dust trapping in pressure bumps and potentially vortices or horseshoes. The origin of the asymmetries and their diversity remains unclear. We present a comprehensive study of 16 disks for which the gas surface density profile has been constrained by CO isotopologue data. First, we compare the azimuthal extents of the dust continuum profiles with the local gas surface density in each disk and find that the asymmetries correspond to higher Stokes numbers or low gas surface density. We discuss which asymmetric structures can be explained by a horseshoe, a vortex, or spiral density waves. Second, we reassess the gas gap radii from the <SUP>13</SUP>CO maps, which are about a factor of 2 smaller than the dust ring radii, suggesting that the companions in these disks are in the brown dwarf (∼15-50 M<SUB>Jup</SUB>) or super-Jovian (∼3-15 M<SUB>Jup</SUB>) mass regime on eccentric orbits. This is consistent with the estimates from contrast curves on companion mass limits. These curves rule out (sub)stellar companions (q > 0.05) for the majority of the sample at the gap location, but it remains possible at even smaller radii. Third, we find that spiral arms in scattered-light images are primarily detected around high-luminosity stars with disks with wide gaps, which can be understood by the dependence of the spiral arm pitch angle on disk temperature and companion mass.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
van der Marel, Nienke;  Banting Research fellow., Physics &, Astronomy Department, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
Birnstiel, Til;  University of Munich, Department of Physics, Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, Germany
Garufi, Antonio;  Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Ragusa, Enrico;  University of Leicester, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Christiaens, Valentin  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) ; Monash University, School of Astrophysics
Price, Daniel J.;  Monash University, School of Astrophysics
Sallum, Steph;  University of California, Irvine, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Muley, Dhruv;  University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Francis, Logan;  University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Dong, Ruobing;  University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Language :
English
Title :
On the Diversity of Asymmetries in Gapped Protoplanetary Disks
Publication date :
01 January 2021
Journal title :
Astronomical Journal
ISSN :
0004-6256
eISSN :
1538-3881
Publisher :
American Astronomical Society, Us
Volume :
161
Pages :
33
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Commentary :
05 30 27.5286772598 +25 19 57.082162439 (Optical) [ 0.0558 0.0503 90 ] A 2018yCat.1345....0G
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