Fe:C ratio; Ice algae; Phytoplankton; Sea ice; Uptake rates; Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all); General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract :
[en] Melting sea ice is a seasonal source of iron (Fe) to the Southern Ocean (SO), where Fe levels in surface waters are otherwise generally too low to support phytoplankton growth. However, the effectiveness of sea-ice Fe fertilization in stimulating SO primary production is unknown since no data exist on Fe uptake by microorganisms in the sea-ice environment. This study reports a unique dataset on Fe uptake rates, Fe-to-carbon (C) uptake ratio (Fe uptake normalized to C uptake) and Fe:C uptake rate (Fe uptake normalized to biomass) by in situ microbial communities inhabiting sea ice and the underlying seawater. Radioisotopes 55Fe and 14C were used in short-term uptake experiments during the 32-day Ice Station POLarstern (ISPOL) time series to evaluate the contributions of small (0.8–10 µm) and large (> 10 µm) microbes to Fe uptake. Overall, results show that over 90% of Fe was bound to the outside of the cells. Intracellular Fe (Feintra) uptake rates reached up to 68, 194, and 203 pmol Fe L−1d− 1 in under-ice seawater, bottom ice, and top ice, respectively. Inorganic carbon uptake ranged between 0.03 and 3.2 µmol C L−1 d−1, with the lowest rate observed in under-ice seawater. Importantly, between the start and end of ISPOL, we observed a 30-fold increase in Feintra normalized to carbon biomass in bottom sea ice. This trend was likely due to changes in the microbial community from a dominance of large diatoms at the start of the survey to small diatoms later in the season. As the Antarctic icescape and associated ecosystems are changing, this dataset will help inform the parameterisation of sea-ice biogeochemical and ecological models in ice-covered regions.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Lannuzel, Delphine ; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia ; Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
Fourquez, Marion ; Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UMR 110, Marseille, France
de Jong, Jeroen ; Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Tison, Jean-Louis ; PROPICE Unit, Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Delille, Bruno ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Schoemann, Véronique; Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ; Ecology of Aquatic Systems, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
First report on biological iron uptake in the Antarctic sea-ice environment
Publication date :
2023
Journal title :
Polar Biology
ISSN :
0722-4060
eISSN :
1432-2056
Publisher :
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
ARC - Australian Research Council [AU] ULiège. ARC - Université de Liège. Actions de Recherche Concertées [BE] ACE CRC - Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre [AU] European Network of Excellence BELSPO - Belgian Science Policy Office [BE] F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE] UTAS - University of Tasmania [AU]
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