Hymenoptera; Parasitic wasp; Lipids; Lipogenesis; Life histories; Nutrient metabolism
Abstract :
[en] Fat reserves, specifically the accumulation of triacylglycerols, are a major energy source and play a key role for life histories. Fat accumulation is a conserved metabolic pattern across most insects, yet in most parasitoid species adults do not gain fat mass, even when nutrients are readily available and provided ad libitum . This extraordinary physiological phenotype has evolved repeatedly in phylogenetically dispersed parasitoid species. This poses a conundrum because it could lead to significant constraints on energy allocation toward key adult functions such as survival and reproduction. Recent work on the underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms has spurred a debate on fat accumulation versus fat production, because of incongruent interpretation of results obtained using different methodologies. This debate is in part due to semantics, highlighting the need for a synthetic perspective on fat accumulation that reconciles previous debates and provides new insights and terminology. In this paper, we propose updated, unambiguous terminology for future research in the field, including “fatty acid synthesis ”and “lack of adult fat accumulation ”, and describe the distinct metabolic pathways involved in the complex process of lipogenesis. We then discuss the benefits and drawbacks of the main methods available to measure fatty acid synthesis and adult fat accumulation. Most importantly, gravimetric/colorimetric and isotope tracking methods give complementary information, provided that they are applied with appropriate controls and interpreted correctly. We also compiled a comprehensive list of fat accumulation studies performed during the last 25 years. We present avenues for future research that combine chemistry, ecology, and evolution into an integrative approach, which we think is needed to understand the dynamics of fat accumulation in parasitoids.
Disciplines :
Zoology Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Visser, Bertanne ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Gestion durable des bio-agresseurs
Le Lann, Cécile; CNRS, ECOBIO (écosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution) – UMR, Université de Rennes, France
Hahn, Daniel A.; Department of Entomology and Nematology, The University of Florida, United States
Lammers, Mark; Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Germany
Nieberding, Caroline ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences et gestion de l'environnement (Arlon Campus Environnement) > Zoogéographie ; Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics Group, UCLouvain, Belgium
Alborn, Hans T.; United States Department of Agriculture, Chemistry Research Unit, Gainesville, United States
Enriquez, Thomas ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion durable des bio-agresseurs
Scheifler, Mathilde ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion durable des bio-agresseurs
Harvey, Jeffrey A.; Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Netherlands ; Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
Ellers, Jacintha; Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
Language :
English
Title :
Many parasitoids lack adult fat accumulation, despite fatty acid synthesis: A discussion of concepts and considerations for future research
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE] Fondation Fyssen [FR] ULiège - Université de Liège [BE] NSF - National Science Foundation [US-VA]
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