Magellanic Clouds; Stars: atmospheres; Stars: fundamental parameters; Stars: late-type; Stars: massive; Supergiants; Mass loss; Massive stars; Property; Spectral types; Stars: atmosphere; Stars:fundamental parameters; Stars:late type; Supergiant; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science; astro-ph.SR; astro-ph.GA
Abstract :
[en] Context. There is evidence that some red supergiants (RSGs) experience short-lived phases of extreme mass loss, producing copious amounts of dust. These episodic outburst phases help strip the hydrogen envelope from evolved massive stars, drastically affecting their evolution. However, to date, the observational data of episodic mass loss is limited. Aims. This paper aims to derive surface properties of a spectroscopic sample of 14 dusty sources in the Magellanic Clouds using the Baade telescope. These properties can be used for future spectral energy distribution fitting studies to measure the mass-loss rates from present circumstellar dust expelled from the star through outbursts. Methods. We applied MARCS models to obtain the effective temperature (Teff) and extinction (AV) from the optical TiO bands. We used aX2 routine to determine the model that best fits the obtained spectra. We computed the Teff using empirical photometric relations and compared this to our modelled Teff. Results. We have identified a new yellow supergiant and spectroscopically confirmed eight new RSGs and one bright giant in the Magellanic Clouds. Additionally, we observed a supergiant B[e] star and find that the spectral type has changed compared to previous classifications, confirming that the spectral type is variable over decades. For the RSGs, we obtained the surface and global properties, as well as the extinction (AV). Conclusions. Our method has picked up eight new, luminous RSGs. Despite selecting dusty RSGs, we find values for AV that are not as high as expected given the circumstellar extinction of these evolved stars. The most remarkable object from the sample, LMC3, is an extremely massive and luminous evolved massive star and may be grouped amongst the largest and most luminous RSGs known in the Large Magellanic Cloud (log(L∗/L⊙) ~ 5.5 and R = 1400 R⊙).
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
De Wit, S.; IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece ; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Physics, Zografos, Greece
Bonanos, A.Z.; IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece
Tramper, F.; IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece ; Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Yang, M.; IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece ; Key Laboratory of Space Astronomy and Technology, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Maravelias, G.; IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece ; Institute of Astrophysics FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
Boutsia, K.; Carnegie Observatories, Las Campanas Observatory, La Serena, Chile
Britavskiy, Mikola ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE)
Zapartas, E.; IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece ; Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Versoix, Switzerland
Language :
English
Title :
Properties of luminous red supergiant stars in the Magellanic Clouds
We thank the referee, Ben Davies, for the careful reading of the manuscript and the insightful comments and suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. S.dW., A.Z.B., F.T., G.M., M.Y., E.Z. acknowledge funding support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant agreement no. 772086). NB acknowledges support from the postdoctoral program (IPD-STEMA) of Liege University. EZ also acknowledges support by the Swiss National Science Foundation Professorship grant (project number PP00P2 176868; PI Tassos Fragos). This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. This research has made use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France.We thank the referee, Ben Davies, for the careful reading of the manuscript and the insightful comments and suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. S.dW., A.Z.B., F.T., G.M., M.Y., E.Z. acknowledge funding support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant agreement no. 772086). NB acknowledges support from the postdoctoral program (IPD-STEMA) of Liege University. EZ also acknowledges support by the Swiss National Science Foundation Professorship grant (project number PP00P2 176868; PI Tassos Fragos). This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France.
Commentary :
Accepted for publication in A&A. 17 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables
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