[en] Although animal dispersal is known to play key roles in ecological and evolutionary processes such as colonization, population extinction and local adaptation, little is known about its genetic basis, particularly in vertebrates. Untapping the genetic basis of dispersal should deepen our understanding of how dispersal behaviour evolves, the molecular mechanisms that regulate it and link it to other phenotypic aspects in order to form the so-called dispersal syndromes. Here, we comprehensively combined quantitative genetics, genome-wide sequencing and transcriptome sequencing to investigate the genetic basis of natal dispersal in a known ecological and evolutionary model of vertebrate dispersal: the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara. Our study supports the heritability of dispersal in semi-natural populations, with less variation attributable to maternal and natal environment effects. In addition, we found an association between natal dispersal and both variation in the Carbonic Anhydrase (CA10) gene, and in the expression of several genes (TGFB2, SLC6A4, NOS1) involved in central nervous system functioning. These findings suggest that neurotransmitters (serotonin and nitric oxide) are involved in the regulation of dispersal and shaping dispersal syndromes. Several genes from the circadian clock (CRY2, KCTD21) were also differentially expressed between disperser and resident lizards, supporting that the circadian rhythm, known to be involved in long-distance migration in other taxa, might affect dispersal as well. Since neuronal and circadian pathways are relatively well conserved across vertebrates, our results are likely to be generalisable, and we therefore encourage future studies to further investigate the role of these pathways in shaping dispersal in vertebrates.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
San-Jose, Luis M ; Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, IRD, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
Bestion, Elvire; Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS, 2, route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
Pellerin, Félix; Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, IRD, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
Richard, Murielle; Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS, 2, route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
Di Gesu, Lucie; Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, IRD, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
Salmona, Jordi; Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, IRD, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
Winandy, Laurane ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS) ; Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, IRD, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
Legrand, Delphine; Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS, 2, route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
Bonneaud, Camille; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
Guillaume, Olivier; Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS, 2, route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
Calvez, Olivier; Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS, 2, route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
Elmer, Kathryn R ; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
Yurchenko, Andrey A ; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK ; Current address: Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
Recknagel, Hans; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK ; Current address: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Clobert, Jean; Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS, 2, route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
Cote, Julien ; Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, IRD, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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