Une nouvelle ère pour les agonistes des récepteurs du glucagon-like peptide-1.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have a privileged place in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). They not only improve glucose control without inducing hypoglycaemia and trigger weight loss, but also protect against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Increasing the dose of three of them (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide) allows better glycaemic results and of potential interest a greater weight reduction. Liraglutide at a daily dose of 3.0 mg and semaglutide at a weekly dose of 2.4 mg received the indication for the therapy of obesity. A recent innovation consists in the development of dual unimolecular agonists that target GLP-1 and GIP («glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide») receptors (tirzepatide) or GLP-1 and glucagon receptors (cotadutide). Tirzepatide, in the SURPASS programme, showed impressive reductions in glycated haemoglobin level and body weight, greater than those observed with dulaglutide or semaglutide. Tirzepatide received the indication of the treatment of T2D and is currently tested in obesity (SURMOUNT programme). Interestingly, triagonists GIP/GLP-1/glucagon are currently developed for the management of T2D and obesity, with also perspectives for treating metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.