[en] Manure nitrogen (N) from cattle contributes to nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions and nitrate leaching. Measurement of manure N outputs on dairy farms is laborious, expensive, and impractical at large scales; therefore, models are needed to predict N excreted in urine and feces. Building robust prediction models requires extensive data from animals under different management systems worldwide. Thus, the study objectives were (1) to collate an international database of N excretion in feces and urine based on individual lactating dairy cow data from different continents; (2) to determine the suitability of key variables for predicting fecal, urinary, and total manure N excretion; and (3) to develop robust and reliable N excretion prediction models based on individual data from lactating dairy cows consuming various diets. A raw data set was created based on 5,483 individual cow observations, with 5,420 fecal N excretion and 3,621 urine N excretion measurements collected from 162 in vivo experiments conducted by 22 research institutes mostly located in Europe (n = 14) and North America (n = 5). A sequential approach was taken in developing models with increasing complexity by incrementally adding variables that had a significant individual effect on fecal, urinary, or total manure N excretion. Nitrogen excretion was predicted by fitting linear mixed models including experiment as a random effect. Simple models requiring dry matter intake (DMI) or N intake performed better for predicting fecal N excretion than simple models using diet nutrient composition or milk performance parameters. Simple models based on N intake performed better for urinary and total manure N excretion than those based on DMI, but simple models using milk urea N (MUN) and N intake performed even better for urinary N excretion. The full model predicting fecal N excretion had similar performance to simple models based on DMI but included several independent variables (DMI, diet crude protein content, diet neutral detergent fiber content, milk protein), depending on the location, and had root mean square prediction errors as a fraction of the observed mean values of 19.1% for intercontinental, 19.8% for European, and 17.7% for North American data sets. Complex total manure N excretion models based on N intake and MUN led to prediction errors of about 13.0% to 14.0%, which were comparable to models based on N intake alone. Intercepts and slopes of variables in optimal prediction equations developed on intercontinental, European, and North American bases differed from each other, and therefore region-specific models are preferred to predict N excretion. In conclusion, region-specific models that include information on DMI or N intake and MUN are required for good prediction of fecal, urinary, and total manure N excretion. In absence of intake data, region-specific complex equations using easily and routinely measured variables to predict fecal, urinary, or total manure N excretion may be used, but these equations have lower performance than equations based on intake.
Disciplines :
Animal production & animal husbandry
Author, co-author :
Bougouin, A ; Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616. Electronic address: aabougouin@ucdavis.edu
Hristov, A ; Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16803
Dijkstra, J ; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
Aguerre, M J ; Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
Ahvenjärvi, S ; Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
Arndt, C ; Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
Bannink, A ; Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
Bayat, A R ; Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
Benchaar, C ; Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 0C8
Boland, T ; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Brown, W E ; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706-1205, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
Crompton, L A ; School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
Dufrasne, Isabelle ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de gestion vétérinaire des Ressources Animales (DRA) > Nutrition des animaux domestiques
Eugène, M ; INRAE - Université Clermont Auvergne - VetAgroSup UMR 1213 Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores, Centre de recherche Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
Froidmont, E ; Department of Valorisation of Agricultural Products, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
van Gastelen, S ; Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
Garnsworthy, P C ; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau, A ; Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Herremans, S ; Department of Valorisation of Agricultural Products, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
Huhtanen, P ; Department of Agricultural Science for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
Johansen, M ; Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, Dk-8830 Tjele, Denmark
Kidane, A ; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
Kreuzer, M ; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Kuhla, B ; Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Dummerstorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
Lessire, Françoise ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) > FARAH: Productions animales durables
Lund, P ; Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, Dk-8830 Tjele, Denmark
Minnée, E M K; DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240
Muñoz, C ; Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Remehue, Ruta 5 S, Osorno, Chile
Niu, M ; Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Nozière, P ; INRAE - Université Clermont Auvergne - VetAgroSup UMR 1213 Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores, Centre de recherche Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
Pacheco, D ; Ag Research, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
Prestløkken, E ; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
Reynolds, C K ; School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
Schwarm, A ; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
Spek, J W ; Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
Terranova, M ; AgroVet-Strickhof, ETH Zurich, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
Vanhatalo, A ; Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Wattiaux, M A ; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706-1205
Weisbjerg, M R ; Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, Dk-8830 Tjele, Denmark
Yáñez-Ruiz, D R ; Estación Experimental del Zaidin, CSIC, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
Yu, Z ; Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
Kebreab, E ; Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
This study is part of the Global Network project, funded by the Joint Programming Initiative on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change (FACCE-JPI) and is an activity of the Feed and Nutrition Network, which is part of the Livestock Research Group of the Global Research Alliance for Agricultural Greenhouse Gases ( https://globalresearchalliance.org ; accessed May 10, 2021). Partial funding for the study was provided through USDA (Washington, DC) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), awards 2014-67003-21979 and 2019-67019-29400, and Federal Appropriations under Project PEN 04539 and Accession Number 1000803 and FONDECYT/Regular Accession Number 1191476. The authors have not stated any conflicts of interest.
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