Erosion events; Monitoring; Soil conservation; Sustainable land management; Water erosion; Agricultural land; Czech Republic; Eroded soils; Erosion event; Hillslopes; Land management practices; Materials damage; Socio-economics; Sustainable land managements; Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment; Building and Construction; Environmental Science (all); Strategy and Management; Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering; General Environmental Science
Abstract :
[en] Assessing the impact of water erosion events can provide valuable information for sustainable land management. The Czech Republic's Monitoring Erosion of Agricultural Land program only records erosion events that exceed certain thresholds of erosion tolerance criteria (percentage of affected plot area, quantities of eroded soil, other material damages) as determined by trained authorized employees of land offices. The main goal of this study was to identify major socio-economic characteristics that have promoted the occurrence of water erosion events in the Czech Republic. For this purpose, two variables of erosion event occurrence and event frequency were tested using the data set of 1594 erosion events from 2011 to 2019 in the Czech Republic. Accordingly, five site characteristics and five farm characteristics were examined to determine factors affecting the occurrence of erosion. Results showed that two characteristics (plot size and land tenure) have been confirmed as significant predictors of repeated erosion events (plots with as many as 8 separate erosion events were recorded). The results also showed that there is still a need for strong protection of soil against erosion. Therefore, we recommend that selected systemic measures in the form of agri-environmental standards (GAEC) should be updated to facilitate stricter soil protection in the long-term EU budget. These findings have enabled us to formulate practical recommendations for more effective protection of agricultural land against water erosion.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Sklenicka, Petr ; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Efthimiou, Nikolaos ; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Zouhar, Jan ; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ; University of Economics Prague, Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Prague, Czech Republic
van den Brink, Adri ; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ; Wageningen University, Landscape Architecture Group, Netherlands
Kottova, Blanka; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Vopravil, Jan; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ; Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic
Zastera, Vojtech ; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Gebhart, Michal; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Bohnet, Iris C. ; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Molnarova, Kristina Janeckova ; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Azadi, Hossein ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Modélisation et développement ; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ; Research Group Climate Change and Security, Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Language :
English
Title :
Impact of sustainable land management practices on controlling water erosion events: The case of hillslopes in the Czech Republic
MSMT - Ministerstvo školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy České republiky
Funding text :
This research was financially supported by a grant donnated by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic ( CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_026/0008403 ).
Álvarez, R., Steinbach, H.S., De Paepe, J.L., Cover crop effects on soils and subsequent crops in the pampas: a meta-analysis. Soil Till. Res. 170 (2017), 53–65, 10.1016/j.still.2017.03.005.
Ananda, J., Herath, G., Soil erosion in developing countries: a socio-economic appraisal. J. Environ. Manag. 68 (2003), 343–353, 10.1016/S0301-4797(03)00082-3.
Avakoudjo, J., Kouelo, F.A., Kindomihou, V.M., Akponikpe, P.I., Azontonde, A.H., Sinsin, B.A., et al. Water erosion in the Donga soils in Subhumid zone in west Africa. J. Environ. Protect. 11:12 (2020), 1073–1088, 10.4236/jep.2020.1112068.
Bagarello, V., Ferro, V., Giordano, G., Mannocchi, F., Pampalone, V., Todisco, F., Vergni, L., Effect of plot size on measured soil loss for two Italian experimental sites. Biosyst. Eng. 108 (2011), 18–27, 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2010.10.006.
Boardman, J., Soil erosion and flooding on the eastern South Downs, southern England, 1976–2001. Trans. Inst. Br. Geogr. 28:2 (2003), 176–196, 10.1111/1475-5661.00086.
Boardman, J., Bateman, S., Seymour, S., Understanding the influence of farmer motivations on changes to soil erosion risk on sites of former serious erosion in the South Downs National Park, UK. Land Use Pol. 60 (2017), 298–312, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.043.
Boardman, J., Burt, T., Foster, I., Monitoring soil erosion on agricultural land: results and implications for the Rother valley, West Sussex, UK. Earth Surf. Process. Landforms 45:15 (2020), 3931–3942, 10.1002/esp.5011.
Boardman, J., Poesen, J., Evans, C., Socio-economic factors in soil erosion and conservation. Environ. Sci. Pol. 6 (2003), 1–6, 10.1016/S1462-9011(02)00120-X.
Bogunovic, I., Pereira, P., Kisic, I., Sajko, K., Sraka, M., Tillage management impacts on soil compaction, erosion and crop yield in Stagnosols (Croatia). Catena 160 (2018), 376–384, 10.1016/j.catena.2017.10.009.
Borrelli, P., Robinson, D.A., Fleischer, L.R., Lugato, E., Ballabio, C., Alewell, C., Meusburger, K., Modugno, S., Schütt, B., Ferro, V., Bagarello, V., Van Oost, K., Montanarella, L., Panagos, P., An assessment of the global impact of 21st century land use change on soil erosion. Nat. Commun. 8 (2017), 1–13, 10.1038/s41467-017-02142-7.
Boserup, E., The Conditions of Agricultural Growth. 2017, Routledge, 10.4324/9781315070360 Routledge.
Brandolini, P., Pepe, G., Capolongo, D., Cappadonia, C., Cevasco, A., Conoscenti, C., et al. Hillslope degradation in representative Italian areas: just soil erosion risk or opportunity for development?. Land Degrad. Dev. 29:9 (2018), 3050–3068, 10.1002/ldr.2999.
Bunning, S., McDonagh, J., Rioux, J., Nachtergaele, F., Biancalani, R., Woodfine, A.C., Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA Project). 2016, FAO http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/nr/kagera/Documents/LADA_manuals.
Cameron, A.C., Gelbach, J.B., Miller, D.L., Robust inference with multiway clustering. J. Bus. Econ. Stat. 29 (2011), 238–249, 10.1198/jbes.2010.07136.
Cham, D.D., Son, N.T., Minh, N.Q., Thanh, N.T., Dung, T.T., An analysis of shoreline changes using combined multitemporal remote sensing and digital evaluation model. Civ. Eng. J 6:1 (2020), 1–10, 10.28991/cej-2020-03091448.
D'Souza, G., Ikerd, J., Small farms and sustainable development: is small more sustainable?. J. Agric. Appl. Econ. 28 (1996), 73–83, 10.1017/S1074070800009470.
De Alba, S., Lindstrom, M., Schumacher, T.E., Malo, D.D., Soil landscape evolution due to soil redistribution by tillage: a new conceptual model of soil catena evolution in agricultural landscapes. Catena 58 (2008), 77–100, 10.1016/j.catena.2003.12.004.
Dotterweich, M., The history of human-induced soil erosion: geomorphic legacies, early descriptions and research, and the development of soil conservation - a global synopsis. Geo 201 (2013), 1–34, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.07.021.
Dupin, B., De Rouw, A., Phantahvong, K.B., Valentin, C., Assessment of tillage erosion rates on steep slopes in northern Laos. Soil Tillage Res. 103:1 (2009), 119–126, 10.1016/j.still.2008.10.005.
Evans, R., Assessing Erosion in England and Wales, vol. 1, 1990, Proceedings 7th ISCO Conference, Sydney, Australia, 82–91, 10.1111/j.1475-2743.1990.tb00821.x.
Evans, R., An alternative way to assess water erosion of cultivated land – field-based measurements: and analysis of some results. Appl. Geogr. 22 (2002), 187–208, 10.1016/S0143-6228(02)00004-8.
Evans, R., Monitoring water erosion in lowland England and Wales – a personal view of its history and outcomes. Catena 64 (2005), 142–161, 10.1016/j.catena.2005.08.003.
Fraser, E.D., Land tenure and agricultural management: soil conservation on rented and owned fields in southwest British Columbia. Agric. Hum. Val. 21 (2004), 73–79, 10.1023/B:AHUM.0000014020.96820.a1.
Fullen, M.A., Arnalds, A., Bazzoffi, P., Booth, C.A., Castillo, V., Kertész, A., Martin, P., Ritsema, C., Solé Benet, A., Souchére, V., Vandekerckhove, L., Verstraaten, G., Government and agency response to soil erosion risk in Europe. Boardman, J., Poesen, J., (eds.) Soil Erosion in Europe, 2006, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 806–827 https://books.google.fr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vvOFRskFunwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Soil+Erosion+in+Europe.+&ots=ipmVyNLA-O&sig=OrIB-fbWK–59N_6vIH3I7IHLIo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Soil%20Erosion%20in%20Europe.&f=false.
García-Franco, N., Albaladejo, J., Almagro, M., Martínez-Mena, M., Beneficial effects of reduced tillage and green manure on soil aggregation and stabilization of organic carbon in a Mediterranean agroecosystem. Soil Till. Res. 153 (2015), 66–75, 10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010.
García‐Ruiz, J.M., Beguería, S., Lana‐Renault, N., Nadal‐Romero, E., Cerdà, A., Ongoing and emerging questions in water erosion studies. Land Degrad. Dev. 28:1 (2017), 5–21, 10.1002/ldr.2641.
Gillis, M., Perkins, D.H., Roemer, M., Snodgrass, D.R., Economics of Development (No. Ed. 3. 1992, WW Norton & Company, Inc https://www.cabdirect.org/?target=%2fcabdirect%2fabstract%2f19931859579.
Hendrickson, M.K., James, H.S., The ethics of constrained choice: how the industrialization of agriculture impacts farming and farmer behavior. J. Agric. Environ. Ethics 18 (2005), 269–291, 10.1007/s10806-005-0631-5.
Hou, G., Bi, H., Huo, Y., Wei, X., Zhu, Y., Wang, X., Liao, W., Determining the optimal vegetation coverage for controlling soil erosion in Cynodon dactylon grassland in North China. J. Clean. Prod., 244, 2020, 118771, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118771.
Hu, W., Household land tenure reform in China: its impact on farming land use and agro-environment. Land Use Pol. 14 (1997), 175–186, 10.1016/S0264-8377(97)00010-0.
Janeček, M., Květoň, V., Kubátová, E., Kobzová, D., Differentiation and regionalization of rainfall erosivity factor values in the Czech Republic. Soil Water Res. 7 (2012), 1–9 https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/2_2011-SWR.pdf.
Kapička, J., Žížala, D., Methodology for Erosion Monitoring of Agricultural Land –. third ed., 2016, State Land Office, Prague, Czech Rep https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303974915.
Kinnell, P.I.A., Yu, B., CLIGEN as a weather generator for predicting rainfall erosion using USLE based modelling systems. Catena, 194, 2020, 104745, 10.1016/j.catena.2020.104745.
Kinnell, P.I.A., Determining soil erodibilities for the USLE-MM rainfall erosion model. Catena 163 (2018), 424–426, 10.1016/j.catena.2018.01.008.
Knápek, J., Vávrová, K., Králík, T., Outrata, D., Biomass potential—theory and practice: case example of the Czech Republic region. Energy Rep. 6 (2020), 292–297, 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.146.
Korzekwa, K., Czech researchers create comprehensive model to evaluate soil degradation. https://www.certifiedcropadviser.org/science-news/czech-researchers-create-comprehensive-model-evaluate-soil-degradation/, 2021.
Krisnayanti, D.S., Bunganaen, W., Frans, J.F., Seran, Y.A., Legono, D., Curve number estimation for ungauged watershed in SemiArid region. Civ. Eng. J, 7(6), 2021 http//: 1070-1083. 10.28991/cej-2021-03091711.
Kutter, T., Louwagie, G., Schuler, J., Zander, P., Helming, K., Hecker, J.M., Policy measures for agricultural soil conservation in the European Union and its member states: policy review and classification. Land Degrad. Dev. 22 (2011), 18–31, 10.1002/ldr.1015.
Lichtenberg, E., Cost-responsiveness of conservation practice adoption: a revealed preference approach. J. Agric. Resour. Econ. 29 (2004), 420–435 https://www.jstor.org/stable/40987242.
Mafi Gholami, D., Baharlouii, M., Monitoring long-term mangrove shoreline changes along the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. Emerging Sci J, 3(2), 2019, 10.28991/esj-2019-01172.
Martínez-Mena, M., Carrillo-López, E., Boix-Fayos, C., Almagro, M., Franco, N.G., Díaz-Pereira, E., et al. Long-term effectiveness of sustainable land management practices to control runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient loss and the role of rainfall intensity in Mediterranean rainfed agroecosystems. Catena, 187, 2020, 104352, 10.1016/j.catena.2019.104352.
Martínez-Mena, M., Lopez, J., Almagro, M., Boix-Fayos, C., Albaladejo, J., Effect of water erosion and cultivation on the soil carbon stock in a semiarid area of South-East Spain. Soil Till. Res. 99 (2008), 119–129, 10.1016/j.still.2008.01.009.
Martínez-Murillo, J.F., Nadal-Romero, E., Regüés, D., Cerdà, A., Poesen, J., Soil erosion and hydrology of the western Mediterranean badlands throughout rainfall simulation experiments: a review. Catena 106 (2013), 101–112, 10.1016/j.catena.2012.06.001.
McConnell, K.E., An economic model of soil conservation. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 65 (1983), 83–89, 10.2307/1240340.
McEvoy, D., Mitchell, D., Trundle, A., Land tenure and urban climate resilience in the South Pacific. Clim. Dev. 12:1 (2020), 1–11, 10.1080/17565529.2019.1594666.
Meusburger, K., Steel, A., Panagos, P., Montanarella, L., Alewell, C., Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall erosivity factor for Switzerland. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 16 (2012), 167–177, 10.5194/hess-16-167-2012.
Morgan, R.P.C., Soil Erosion and Conservation. 2009, John Wiley & Sons https://books.google.fr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=j8C8fFiPNOkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Soil+erosion+and+conservation.+&ots=wpM3IUQgLd&sig=JWM0kCxeNEZk9H_pfTHRzmYydJY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Soil%20erosion%20and%20conservation.&f=false.
Nir, N., Knitter, D., Hardt, J., Schütt, B., Human movement and gully erosion: investigating feedback mechanisms using frequency ratio and least cost path analysis in Tigray, Ethiopia. PLoS One, 16(2), 2021, e0245248, 10.1371/journal.pone.0245248.
Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Meusburger, K., van der Zanden, E.H., Poesen, J., Alewell, C., Modelling the effect of support practices (P-factor) on the reduction of soil erosion by water at European scale. Environ. Sci. Pol. 51 (2015), 23–34, 10.1016/j.envsci.2015.03.012.
Pašakarnis, G., Morley, D., Malienė, V., Rural development and challenges establishing sustainable land use in Eastern European countries. Land Use Pol. 30 (2013), 703–710, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.05.011.
Petrescu-Mag, R.M., Petrescu, D.C., Azadi, H., A social perspective on soil functions and quality improvement: Romanian farmers' perceptions. Geoderma, 114573, 2020, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114573 (in press).
Petrzelka, P., Ma, Z., Malin, S., The elephant in the room: absentee landowner issues in conservation and land management. Land Use Pol. 30 (2013), 157–166, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.03.015.
Posthumus, H., Deeks, L.K., Rickson, R.J., Quinton, J.N., Costs and benefits of erosion control measures in the UK. Soil Use Manag. 31 (2015), 16–33, 10.1111/sum.12057.
Praneetvatakul, S., Janekarnkij, P., Potchanasin, C., Prayoonwong, K., Assessing the sustainability of agriculture: a case of Mae Chaem Catchment, northern Thailand. Environ. Int. 27 (2001), 103–109, 10.1016/S0160-4120(01)00068-X.
Prasuhn, V., Twenty years of soil erosion on‐farm measurement: annual variation, spatial distribution and the impact of conservation programmes for soil loss rates in Switzerland. Earth Surf. Proc.s and Landforms. 45 (2020), 1539–1554, 10.1002/esp.4829.
Renard, K.G., Foster, G.R., Soil conservation: principles of erosion by water. Dryland Agri 23 (1983), 155–176 https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201301916151.
Renard, K.G., Foster, G.R., Weesies, G.A., Porter, J.P., RUSLE: Revised universal soil loss equation. J. Soil Water Conserv. 46 (1991), 30–33 https://www.jswconline.org/content/46/1/30.short.
Rizov, M., Pokrivcak, J., Ciaian, P., CAP subsidies and productivity of the EU farms. J. Agric. Econ. 64:3 (2013), 537–557, 10.1111/1477-9552.12030.
Savastano, S., Scandizzo, P.L., Farm Size and Productivity: A “Direct-Inverse-Direct” Relationship. 2017, The World Bank https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/27630 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Sklenicka, P., Temporal changes in pattern of one agricultural Bohemian landscape during the period 1938-1998. Ekol. Bratislava. 21 (2002), 181–191 https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=SK2002000582.
Sklenicka, P., Molnarova, K.J., Salek, M., Simova, P., Vlasak, J., Sekac, P., Janovska, V., Owner or tenant: who adopts better soil conservation practices?. Land Use Pol. 47 (2015), 253–261.
Sklenicka, P., Zouhar, J., Molnarova, K.J., Vlasak, J., Kottova, B., Petrzelka, P., Gebhart, M., Walmsley, A., Trends of soil degradation: does the socio-economic status of land owners and land users matter?. Land Use Pol., 95, 2020, 103992, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.04.017.
Soule, M.J., Tegene, A., Wiebe, K.D., Land tenure and the adoption of conservation practices. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 82 (2000), 993–1005, 10.1111/0002-9092.00097.
StataCorp, Stata Statistical Software: Release, vol. 16, 2019, StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX.
Steinhoff‐Knop, B., Burkhard, B., Soil erosion by water in northern Germany: long‐term monitoring results from Lower Saxony. Catena 165 (2018), 299–309 https://www.stata.com/support/faqs/resources/citing-software-documentation-faqs/.
Svobodova, K., Sklenicka, P., Vojar, J., How does the representation rate of features in a landscape affect visual preferences? A case study from a post-mining landscape. Int. J. Min. Reclamat. Environ. 29 (2015), 266–276, 10.1080/17480930.2013.873258.
Vogel, E., Deumlich, D., Kaupenjohann, M., Bioenergy maize and soil erosion—risk assessment and erosion control concepts. Geoderma 261 (2016), 80–92, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.06.020.
VUMOP. Monitoring Eroze. www.vumop.cz, 2020.
Wang, B., Zheng, F., Guan, Y., Improved USLE-K factor prediction: a case study on water erosion areas in China. Int. Soil and Water Conserv. Res. 4 (2016), 168–176, 10.1016/j.iswcr.2016.08.003.
Wei, S., Zhang, X., McLaughlin, N.B., Chen, X., Jia, S., Liang, A., Impact of soil water erosion processes on catchment export of soil aggregates and associated SOC. Geoderma 294 (2017), 63–69, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.01.021.
Wen, X., Deng, X., Current soil erosion assessment in the Loess Plateau of China: a mini-review. J. Clean. Prod., 276, 2020, 123091, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123091.
Wilkinson, S.N., Hancock, G.J., Bartley, R., Hawdon, A.A., Keen, R.J., Using sediment tracing to assess processes and spatial patterns of erosion in grazed rangelands, Burdekin River basin, Australia. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 180 (2013), 90–102, 10.1016/j.agee.2012.02.002.
Williams, J.R., Sediment routing for agricultural watersheds. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 11 (1975), 965–974, 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb01817.x.
Wischmeier, W.H., Smith, D.D., Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses: a Guide to Conservation Planning (No. 537). 1978, Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10017482733/.
Wuepper, D., Wimmer, S., Sauer, J., Is small family farming more environmentally sustainable? Evidence from a spatial regression discontinuity design in Germany. Land Use Pol., 90, 2020, 104360, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104360.
Xiao, L., Zhao, R., Kuhn, N.J., No tillage is not an ideal management for water erosion control in China. Sci. Total Environ., 2020, 139478, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139478.
Zhang, H., Wang, L., Yu, S., Zhao, J., Shi, Z., Identifying government's and farmers' roles in soil erosion management in a rural area of southern China with social network analysis. J. Clean. Prod., 278, 2021, 123499, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123499.
Žížala, D., Juřicová, A., Kapička, J., Novotný, I., The potential risk of combined effects of water and tillage erosion on the agricultural landscape in Czechia. J. Maps, 2021, 1–11, 10.1080/17445647.2021.1942251.
Žížala, D., Kapička, J., Novotný, I., Monitoring soil erosion of agricultural land in Czech Republic and data assessment of erosion events from spatial database. Proceedings of the International Conference Soil—The Non-renewable Environmental Resource, 2015, 7–9 Brno, Czech Republic https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303974915.