Africa; Autonomous adaptation; Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative; Local and indigenous knowledge; Planned adaptation; Water scarcity; Adaptation, Physiological; Africa South of the Sahara; Climate Change; Humans; Ecosystem; Water Insecurity; Adaptive response; Autonomous response; Indigenous knowledge; Local knowledge; Wellbeing; Environmental Engineering; Environmental Chemistry; Waste Management and Disposal; Pollution
Abstract :
[en] Water scarcity is a global challenge, yet existing responses are failing to cope with current shocks and stressors, including those attributable to climate change. In sub-Saharan Africa, the impacts of water scarcity threaten livelihoods and wellbeing across the continent and are driving a broad range of adaptive responses. This paper describes trends of water scarcity for Africa and outlines climate impacts on key water-related sectors on food systems, cities, livelihoods and wellbeing, conflict and security, economies, and ecosystems. It then uses systematic review methods, including the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative, to analyse 240 articles and identify adaptation characteristics of planned and autonomous responses to water scarcity across Africa. The most common impact drivers responded to are drought and participation variability. The most frequently identified actors responding to water scarcity include individuals or households (32%), local government (15%) and national government (15%), while the most common types of response are behavioural and cultural (30%), technological and infrastructural (27%), ecosystem-based (25%) and institutional (18%). Most planned responses target low-income communities (31%), women (20%), and indigenous communities (13%), but very few studies target migrants, ethnic minorities or those living with disabilities. There is a lack of coordination of planned adaptation at scale across all relevant sectors and regions, and lack of legal and institutional frameworks for their operation. Most responses to water scarcity are coping and autonomous responses that showed only minor adjustments to business-as-usual water practices, suggesting limited adaptation depth. Maladaptation is associated with one or more dimension of responses in almost 20% of articles. Coordinating institutional responses, carefully planned technologies, planning for projected climate risks including extension of climate services and increased climate change literacy, and integrating indigenous knowledge will help to address identified challenges of water scarcity towards more adaptive responses across Africa.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Leal Filho, Walter ; European School of Sustainability Science and Research, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, D-21033 Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: walter.leal2@haw-hamburg.de
Totin, Edmond ; Ecole de Foresterie Tropicale, Universite Nationale d'Agriculture du Benin, BP, 43, Ketou, Benin. Electronic address: edmond.totin@gmail.com
Franke, James A ; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA, Center for Robust Decision-making on Climate and Energy Policy (RDCEP), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: jfranke@uchicago.edu
Andrew, Samora Macrice ; Department of Ecosystems and Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania. Electronic address: smacrice@sua.ac.tz
Abubakar, Ismaila Rimi; College of Architecture and Planning, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (formerly, University of Dammam), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: irabubakar@iau.edu.sa
Azadi, Hossein ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Modélisation et développement ; Department of Geography, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address: hossein.azadi@ugent.be
Nunn, Patrick D ; School of Law and Society, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: pnunn@usc.edu.au
Ouweneel, Birgitt ; Africa Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: birgitt@ouweneel.biz
Williams, Portia Adade ; CSIR-Science and Technology Policy Research Institute, Accra, Ghana. Electronic address: adadeposh@gmail.com
Simpson, Nicholas Philip ; Africa Climate and Development Initiative, 6th Floor, Geological Science Building, Upper Campus, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: nick.simpson@uct.ac.za
Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative Team. Electronic address: https://globaladaptation.github.io/
Language :
English
Title :
Understanding responses to climate-related water scarcity in Africa.
NSF - National Science Foundation IDRC - International Development Research Centre
Funding text :
NPS's contribution to this work was carried out with financial support from the UK Government's Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office and the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada (Grant No. 109419-001). RDCEP is funded by the NSF through the Decision Making Under Uncertainty programme (grant #SES-1463644). JAF was supported by the NSF NRT programme (grant no. DGE-1735359) and the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program (grant #DGE-1746045). WLF's work was supported by The International Climate Change Information and Research Programme (ICCIRP).NPS's contribution to this work was carried out with financial support from the UK Government 's Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office and the International Development Research Centre , Ottawa, Canada (Grant No. 109419-001 ). RDCEP is funded by the NSF through the Decision Making Under Uncertainty programme (grant # SES-1463644 ). JAF was supported by the NSF NRT programme (grant no. DGE-1735359 ) and the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program (grant # DGE-1746045 ). WLF's work was supported by The International Climate Change Information and Research Programme (ICCIRP).
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