CFD; computational fluid dynamics; pedestrian wind comfort; shifted building configuration; urban seafront buildings; urban ventilation; Global and Planetary Change; Atmospheric Science; Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Abstract :
[en] Coastal cities in the Mediterranean region have cool sea breezes that can reduce the effects of global warming, urban heat islands (UHI), and air pollution. However, in many coastal cities, impermeable urban seafront buildings prevent cool sea breezes from penetrating the city while at the same time posing a risk of pedestrian wind discomfort. This study aims to design wind-adaptive urban seafront buildings that improve urban ventilation and pedestrian wind comfort in Izmir, a high-density Mediterranean city, using the parametric design and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Alternative seafront buildings consisting of two-rows and shifted configurations were designed using the two proposed urban geometric indicators. The authors found that the denser and more compact seafront building configuration can prevent the risk of wind discomfort and achieves the highest ventilation efficiency (82%). The findings apply to similar coastal urban environments and help urban policymakers and designers.
Disciplines :
Architecture
Author, co-author :
Bas, Hakan; The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
Dogrusoy, Ilknur Turkseven; Department of Architecture, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
Reiter, Sigrid ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Urbanisme et aménagement du territoire
Language :
English
Title :
Wind adaptive urban seafront buildings design for improving urban ventilation and pedestrian wind comfort in Mediterranean climate
This work was financially supported by the University of Liege LEMA Research Unit, Dokuz Eylül University BAP unit (Grant No. 2020.KB.FEN.013) and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) within the scope of the 2214-A – International Research Scholarship Program for Doctoral Students.
Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) (2016) AIJ Benchmarks for Validation of CFD Simulations Applied to Pedestrian Wind Environment around Buildings, Architectural Institute of Japan, Tokyo.
Blocken, B., Stathopoulos, T. and Carmeliet, J. (2007) ‘CFD simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer: wall function problems’, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp.238–252.
Brown, G.Z. and DeKay, M. (2001) Sun, Wind & Light: Architectural Design Strategies, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York.
Burton, T., Sharpe, D., Jenkins, N. and Bossanyi, E. (2012) Wind Energy Handbook, Vol. 2, Wiley, New York.
Chen, G., Rong, L. and Zhang, G. (2021) ‘Impacts of urban geometry on outdoor ventilation within idealized building arrays under unsteady diurnal cycles in summer’, Building and Environment, Vol. 206, No. 108344, pp.1–17.
Coccia, M. (2020) ‘How (un) sustainable environments are related to the diffusion of COVID-19: the relation between coronavirus disease 2019, air pollution, wind resource and energy’, Sustainability, Vol. 12, No. 22, p.9709.
Franke, J., Hellsten, A., Schlünzen, H. and Carissimo, B. (2007) Best Practice Guideline for the CFD Simulation of Flows in the Urban Environment. COST action 732. Quality Assurance and Improvement of Meteorological Models, University of Hamburg, Meteorological Institute, Center of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences.
Franke, J., Hirsch, C., Jensen, A.G., Krüs, H.W., Schatzmann, M., Westbury, P.S. and Wright, N.G. (2004) ‘Recommendations on the use of CFD in predicting pedestrian wind environment’, in Cost Action C, Vol. 14, pp.1–12.
Gülten, A. and Öztop, H.F. (2020) ‘Analysis of the natural ventilation performance of residential areas considering different urban configurations in Elazığ, Turkey’, Urban Climate, Vol. 34, No. 100709, pp.1–16.
Gut, P. and Ackerknecht, D. (1993) Climate Responsive Buildings: Appropriate Building Construction in Tropical and Subtropical Regions, SKAT, St. Gallen.
He, B.J., Ding, L. and Prasad, D. (2020) ‘Relationships among local-scale urban morphology, urban ventilation, urban heat island and outdoor thermal comfort under sea breeze influence’, Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 60, No. 102289, pp.1–20.
Hu, T. and Yoshie, R. (2013) ‘Indices to evaluate ventilation efficiency in newly-built urban area at pedestrian level’, Journal of Wind Engineering Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 112, pp.39–51.
Isyumon, N. and Davenport, A. (1975) ‘The ground level wind environment in built-up areas’, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures, Heathrow, UK, pp.403–422.
Janssen, W.D., Blocken, B. and van Hooff, T. (2013) ‘Pedestrian wind comfort around buildings: comparison of wind comfort criteria based on whole-flow field data for a complex case study’, Building and Environment, Vol. 59, pp.547–562.
Johansson, E. and Yahia, M.W. (2020) ‘Wind comfort and solar access in a coastal development in Malmö, Sweden’, Urban Climate, Vol. 33, No. 100645, pp.1–14.
Ng, E. (2009) ‘Policies and technical guidelines for urban planning of high-density cities – air ventilation assessment (AVA) of Hong Kong’, Building and Environment, Vol. 44, No. 7, pp.1478–1488.
Reiter, S. (2010) ‘Assessing wind comfort in urban planning’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp.857–873.
Richards, P. and Hoxey, R. (1993) ‘Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind engineering models using the k-epsilon turbulence model’, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 46, No. 47, pp.145–153.
Stewart, I.D. and Oke, T.R. (2012) ‘Local climate zones for urban temperature studies’, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 93, No. 12, pp.1879–1900.
Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS) (2018) Climate Data, Turkey [online] https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=IZMIR (accessed 10 October 2018).
Xu, Q. and Xu, Z. (2020) ‘What can urban design learn from changing winds?’, The Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp.7–22.
