Coastal zone; Dissolved inorganic carbon; Physical, biological, chemical processes; Tidal, diurnal, seasonal variations; Water pCO2; Water–air CO2 fluxes; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Aquatic Science; Ecology
Abstract :
[en] We report on diurnal, tidal, and seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), water partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), and associated water–air CO2 fluxes in a tidal creek of a temperate coastal lagoon with 70% of intertidal flats, during eight tidal/diurnal cycles and two consecutive years covering all seasons. Surface waters of the lagoon were always slightly oversaturated in CO2 with respect to the atmosphere with an average pCO2 value of 496 ± 36 ppmv. Seasonally, subsurface water pCO2 values were controlled by both temperature and biological/tidal advection effects that compensated each other and resulted in weak annual variations. High-resolution temporal pCO2 records reveal that the highest fluctuations (192 ppmv) occurred at the tidal/diurnal scale as a result of biological activity, advection from the tidal flat, and porewater pumping that all contributed to water pCO2 and carbonate chemistry variations. Total alkalinity (TA) versus salinity plots suggest a net production of alkalinity in the lagoon attributed to benthic carbonate dissolution and/or anaerobic degradation of organic matter. We specifically highlighted that for the same salinity range, during flooding, daytime pCO2 were generally lower than nighttime pCO2 values because of photosynthesis, whereas during ebbing, daytime pCO2 were higher than nighttime pCO2 values because of heating. Waters in the lagoon were a relatively weak CO2 source to the atmosphere over the year compared to other estuarine and lagoon waters elsewhere, and to sediment-air fluxes measured simultaneously by atmospheric Eddy Covariance (EC) in the Arcachon lagoon. Because of low values and small variations of the air-sea pCO2 gradient, the variability of fluxes calculated using the piston velocity parameterization was greatly controlled by the wind speed at the diurnal and, to a lesser extent, seasonal time scales. During the emersion, the comparison of these pCO2 data in the tidal creek with EC fluxes measured 1.8 km away on the tidal flat suggests high heterogeneity in air-sea CO2 fluxes, both spatially and at short time scales according to the inundation cycle and the wind speed. In addition to tidal pumping when the flat becomes emerged, our data suggest that lateral water movement during the emersion of the flat generates strong spatial heterogeneity in water–air CO2 flux.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Polsenaere, Pierre ; Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS-UMR 5805, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France ; IFREMER, Littoral, Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LER-PC), La Tremblade, France
Delille, Bruno ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Poirier, Dominique; Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS-UMR 5805, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Charbonnier, Céline; Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS-UMR 5805, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Deborde, Jonathan; Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS-UMR 5805, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France ; IFREMER, Littoral, Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LER-PC), La Tremblade, France
Mouret, Aurélia; Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS-UMR 5805, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France ; UMR 6112 LPG-BIAF Recent and Fossil Bio-Indicators, Angers University, Angers, France
Abril, Gwenaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Océanographie chimique ; Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS-UMR 5805, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France ; Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR CNRS 8067, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris cedex 05, France ; Programa de Biologia Marinha e Ambientes Costeiros, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
Language :
English
Title :
Seasonal, Diurnal, and Tidal Variations of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and pCO2 in Surface Waters of a Temperate Coastal Lagoon (Arcachon, SW France)
ANR - Agence Nationale de la Recherche [FR] F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE]
Funding number :
MENRT or Allocations de recherche du Ministère de la Recherche
Funding text :
We would like to express our thanks to Francis Prince, the Planula boat captain. This paper is a contribution to the PNEC (Programme National Environnement Côtier)-Littoral Atlantique and ANR PROTIDAL (Agence Nationale de la Recherche « Processus biogéochimiques transitoires de la zone intertidale ») projects.
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