Beckmann rearrangement; Chemical generator; Continuous flow; Photoredox catalysis; Vilsmeier–Haack reagent; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Organic Chemistry
Abstract :
[en] The Beckmann rearrangement of oximes to amides typically requires strong acids or highly reactive, hazardous electrophiles and/or elevated temperatures to proceed. A very attractive alternative is the in situ generation of Vilsmeier-Haack reagents, by means of photoredox catalysis, as promoters for the thermal Beckmann rearrangement. Investigation of the reaction parameters for this light-induced method using a one-pot strategy has shown that the reaction is limited by the different temperatures required for each of the two sequential steps. Using a continuous flow reactor, the photochemical and thermal processes have been separated by integrating a flow photoreactor unit at low temperature for the electrophile generation with a second reactor unit, at high temperature, where the rearrangement takes place. This strategy has enabled excellent conversions and yields for a diverse set of oximes, minimizing the formation of side products obtained with the original one-pot method.
Disciplines :
Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Chen, Yuesu ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Molecular Systems (MolSys) ; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW) Inffeldgasse 13 8010, Graz Austria ; Institute of Chemistry University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010, Graz Austria
Cantillo, David ; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW) Inffeldgasse 13 8010, Graz Austria ; Institute of Chemistry University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010, Graz Austria
Kappe, C Oliver ; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW) Inffeldgasse 13 8010, Graz Austria ; Institute of Chemistry University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010, Graz Austria
Language :
English
Title :
Visible Light-Promoted Beckmann Rearrangements: Separating Sequential Photochemical and Thermal Phenomena in a Continuous Flow Reactor.
The CC FLOW Project (Austrian Research Promotion Agency FFG No. 862766) is funded through the Austrian COMET Program by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (BMWFW), and by the State of Styria (Styrian Funding Agency SFG).
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