Holography; Digital Holography; Thermal infrared; Terahertz waves; Nondestructive testing; Metrology
Abstract :
[en] Since its invention, holography has been mostly applied at visible wavelengths in a variety of applications. Specifically, non-destructive testing of manufactured objects was a driver for developing holographic methods and all of their parents based on the speckle pattern recording. One substantial limitation of holography non-destructive testing is the setup stability requirements directly related to the laser wavelength. This observation has driven some works for 15 years: developing holography at wavelengths much longer than visible ones. In this paper, we will first review researches carried out in the infrared, mostly digital holography at thermal infrared wavelengths around 10 micrometers. We will discuss the advantages of using such wavelengths and show different examples of applications. In non-destructive testing, large wavelengths allow using digital holography in perturbed environments on large objects and measure large deformations, typical of the aerospace domain. Other astonishing applications such as reconstructing scenes through smoke and flames were proposed. Going further in the spectrum, digital holography with so-called Terahertz waves (up to 3 millimeters wavelength) has also been studied. The main advantage here is that these waves easily penetrate some materials. Therefore, one can envisage Terahertz digital holography to reconstruct the amplitude and phase of visually opaque objects. We review some cases in which Terahertz digital holography has shown potential in biomedical and industrial applications. We will also address some fundamental bottlenecks that prevent fully benefiting from the advantages of digital holography when increasing the wavelength.
Research center :
CSL - Centre Spatial de Liège - ULiège [BE] STAR - Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research - ULiège [BE]
Disciplines :
Physics
Author, co-author :
Georges, Marc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Centres généraux > CSL (Centre Spatial de Liège)
Zhao, Yuchen ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Centres généraux > CSL (Centre Spatial de Liège)
Vandenrijt, Jean-François ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Centres généraux > CSL (Centre Spatial de Liège)
Language :
English
Title :
Holography in the invisible. From the thermal infrared to the terahertz waves: outstanding applications and fundamental limits
Publication date :
2022
Journal title :
Light: Advanced Manufacturing
ISSN :
2689-9620
eISSN :
2831-4093
Publisher :
Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Bjelkhagen, H. & Brotherton-Ratcliffe, D. Ultra-Realistic Imaging: Advanced Techniques in Analogue and Digital Colour Holography. (Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2016).
Gentet, Y. & Gentet, P. CHIMERA, a new holoprinter technology combining low-power continuous lasers and fast printing. Applied Optics 58, G226-G230 (2019).
Powell, R. L. & Stetson, K. A. Interferometric vibration analysis by wavefront reconstruction. Journal of the Optical Society of America 55, 1593-1598 (1965).
Vest, C. M. Holographic Interferometry. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1979).
Kreis, T. Handbook of Holographic Interferometry: Optical and Digital Methods. (Weinheim: Wiley, 2005).
Georges, M. Holographic interferometry: from history to modern applications. in Optical Holography: Materials, Theory and Applications (ed Blanche, P. A.) (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2020), 121-163.
Leendertz, J. A. Interferometric displacement measurement on scattering surfaces utilizing speckle effect. Journal of Physics E:Scientific Instruments 3, 214-218 (1970).
Jones, R. & Wykes, C. Holographic and Speckle Interferometry. 2nd edn. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
Schnars, U. & Jüptner, W. Direct recording of holograms by a CCD target and numerical reconstruction. Applied Optics 33, 179-181 (1994).
Picart, P., Gross, M. & Marquet, P. Basic fundamentals of digital holography. in New Techniques in Digital Holography (ed Picart, P.) (Hoboken: Wiley, 2015), 1-66.
Picart, P. & Leval, J. General theoretical formulation of image formation in digital Fresnel holography. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 25, 1744-1761 (2008).
Zhang, T. & Yamaguchi, I. Three-dimensional microscopy with phase-shifting digital holography. Optics Letters 23, 1221-1223 (1998).
Georges, M. Long-wave infrared digital holography. in New Techniques in Digital Holography (ed Picart, P.) (Hoboken: Wiley, 2015), 219-254.
Georges, M. P. et al. Digital holographic interferometry with CO2 lasers and diffuse illumination applied to large space reflector metrology [invited]. Applied Optics 52, A102-A116 (2013).
Valzania, L. et al. THz coherent lensless imaging. Applied Optics 58, G256-G275 (2019).
Ravaro, M. et al. Mid-infrared digital holography and holographic interferometry with a tunable quantum cascade laser. Optics Letters 39, 4843-4846 (2014).
Allaria, E. et al. Digital holography at 10.6 μm. Optics Communications 215, 257-262 (2003).
Hack, E. et al. Comparison of thermal detector arrays for off-axis THz holography and real-time THz imaging. Sensors 16, 221 (2016).
Paturzo, M. et al. Optical reconstruction of digital holograms recorded at 10.6 μm: route for 3D imaging at long infrared wavelengths. Optics Letters 35, 2112-2114 (2010).
Pelagotti, A. et al. Digital holography for 3D imaging and display in the IR range: challenges and opportunities. 3D Research 1, 6 (2010).
Paturzo, M. et al. Infrared digital holography applications for virtual museums and diagnostics of cultural heritage. Proceedings of SPIE 8084, O3A: Optics for Arts, Architecture, and Archaeology III. Munich, Germany: SPIE, 2011, 80840K.
Geltrude, A. et al. Infrared digital holography for large objects investigation. Proceedings of SPIE 8082, Optical Measurement Systems for Industrial Inspection VII. Munich, Germany: SPIE, 2011, 80820C.
Pelagotti, A. et al. An automatic method for assembling a large synthetic aperture digital hologram. Optics Express 20, 4830-4839 (2012).
Bianco, V. et al. On-speckle suppression in IR digital holography. Optics Letters 41, 5226-5229 (2016).
Heimbeck, M. S. et al. Terahertz digital holographic imaging of voids within visibly opaque dielectrics. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 5, 110-116 (2015).
Robinson, D. W. & Reid, G. T. Interferogram Analysis: Digital Fringe Pattern Measurement Techniques. (Philadelphia: Institute of Physics, 1993).
Yamaguchi, I. Fundamentals and applications of speckle. Proceedings of SPIE 4933, Speckle Metrology 2003. Trondheim, Norway: SPIE, 2003, 1-8.
Vandenrijt, J. F. et al. Electronic speckle pattern interferometry at long infrared wavelengths. Scattering requirements. in Fringe 2009-6th International Workshop on Advanced Optical Metrology (eds Osten, W. & Kujawinska, M.) (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2009), 596-599.
Vandenrijt, J. F. et al. Mobile speckle interferometer in the long-wave infrared for aeronautical nondestructive testing in field conditions. Optical Engineering 52, 101903 (2013).
Vandenrijt, J. F. et al. Long-wave infrared digital holographic interferometry with diffuser or point source illuminations for measuring deformations of aspheric mirrors. Optical Engineering 53, 112309 (2014).
Georges, M. P. et al. Digital holographic interferometry and speckle interferometry applied on objects with heterogeneous reflecting properties. Applied Optics 58, G318-G325 (2019).
Poggi, P. et al. Remote monitoring of building oscillation modes by means of real-time Mid Infrared Digital Holography. Scientific Reports 6, 23688 (2016).
De Nicola, S. et al. Wave front reconstruction of Fresnel off-axis holograms with compensation of aberrations by means of phase-shifting digital holography. Optics and Lasers in Engineering 37, 331-340 (2002).
Georges, M. P. et al. Combined holography and thermography in a single sensor through image-plane holography at thermal infrared wavelengths. Optics Express 22, 25517-25529 (2014).
Georges, M. P. Comparison between thermographic and holographic techniques for nondestructive testing of composites: similarities, differences and potential cross-fertilization. Proceedings of SPIE 9660, SPECKLE 2015: VI International Conference on Speckle Metrology. Guanajuato, Mexico: SPIE, 2015, 966002.
Locatelli, M. et al. Imaging live humans through smoke and flames using far-infrared digital holography. Optics Express 21, 5379-5390 (2013).
Naftaly, M. & Miles, R. E. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for material characterization. Proceedings of the IEEE 95, 1658-1665 (2007).
Piesiewicz, R. et al. Properties of building and plastic materials in the THz range. International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 28, 363-371 (2007).
Dhillon, S. S. et al. The 2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap. Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics 50, 043001 (2017).
Guerboukha, H., Nallappan, K. & Skorobogatiy, M. Toward real-time terahertz imaging. Advances in Optics and Photonics 10, 843-938 (2018).
Bianco, V. et al. Off-axis self-reference digital holography in the visible and far-infrared region. ETRI Journal 41, 84-92 (2019).
Vandenrijt, J. F. et al. Digital holographic interferometry in the long-wave infrared and temporal phase unwrapping for measuring large deformations and rigid body motions of segmented space detector in cryogenic test. Optical Engineering 55, 121723 (2016).
Georges, M. P. Speckle interferometry in the long-wave infrared for combining holography and thermography in a single sensor: applications to nondestructive testing: the FANTOM project. Proceedings of SPIE 9525, Optical Measurement Systems for Industrial Inspection IX. Munich, Germany: SPIE, 2015, 952557.
Languy, F. et al. Vibration mode shapes visualization in industrial environment by real-time time-averaged phase-stepped electronic speckle pattern interferometry at 10.6 μm and shearography at 532 nm. Optical Engineering 55, 121704 (2016).
Mittleman, D. M. Twenty years of terahertz imaging [Invited]. Optics Express 26, 9417-9431 (2018).
Valušis, G. et al. Roadmap of terahertz imaging 2021. Sensors 21, 4092 (2021).
Mahon, R., Murphy, A. & Lanigan, W. Terahertz holographic image reconstruction and analysis. in Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Conference Digest of the 2004 Joint 29th International Conference on 2004 and 12th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics. Karlsruhe, Germany: IEEE, 2004, 749-750.
Tamminen, A., Ala-Laurinaho, J. & Raisanen, A. V. Indirect holographic imaging at 310 GHz. Proceedings of 2008 European Radar Conference. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IEEE, 2008, 168-171.
Heimbeck, M. S. et al. Terahertz digital holography using angular spectrum and dual wavelength reconstruction methods. Optics Express 19, 9192-9200 (2011).
Gorodetsky, A., Freer, S. & Navarro-Cía, M. Assessment of cameras for continuous wave sub-terahertz imaging. Proceedings of SPIE 11499, Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications XI. SPIE, 2020, 114990Y. (Checked all online materials, but the publication location was not found, please contact the author for confirmation – confirmed, here is the doihttps://doi.org/10.1117/12.2568516)
Ding, S. H. et al. Continuous-wave terahertz digital holography by use of a pyroelectric array camera. Optics Letters 36, 1993-1995 (2011).
Xue, K. et al. Continuous-wave terahertz in-line digital holography. Optics Letters 37, 3228-3230 (2012).
Zolliker, P. & Hack, E. THz holography in reflection using a high resolution microbolometer array. Optics Express 23, 10957-10967 (2015).
Valzania, L. et al. Resolution limits of terahertz ptychography. Proceedings of SPIE 10677, Unconventional Optical Imaging. Strasbourg, France: SPIE, 2018, 1067720.
Huang, H. C. et al. Synthetic aperture in terahertz in-line digital holography for resolution enhancement. Applied Optics 55, A43-A48 (2016).
Deng, Q. H. et al. High-resolution terahertz inline digital holography based on quantum cascade laser. Optical Engineering 56, 113102 (2017).
Rong, L. et al. Terahertz in-line digital holography of dragonfly hindwing: amplitude and phase reconstruction at enhanced resolution by extrapolation. Optics Express 22, 17236-17245 (2014).
Huang, H. C. et al. Continuous-wave terahertz multi-plane in-line digital holography. Optics and Lasers in Engineering 94, 76-81 (2017).
Chen, G. H. & Li, Q. Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling based terahertz holography image denoising. Applied Optics 54, 4345-4351 (2015).
Rong, L. et al. Terahertz in-line digital holography of human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue. Scientific Reports 5, 8445 (2015).
Yamagiwa, M. et al. Real-time amplitude and phase imaging of optically opaque objects by combining full-field off-axis terahertz digital holography with angular spectrum reconstruction. Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 39, 561-572 (2018).
Zhao, Y. C. et al. Iterative phase-retrieval-assisted off-axis terahertz digital holography. Applied Optics 58, 9208-9216 (2019).
Heimbeck, M. S. & Everitt, H. O. Terahertz digital holographic imaging. Advances in Optics and Photonics 12, 1-59 (2020).
Locatelli, M. et al. Real-time terahertz digital holography with a quantum cascade laser. Scientific Reports 5, 13566 (2015).
Humphreys, M. et al. Video-rate terahertz digital holographic imaging system. Optics Express 26, 25805-25813 (2018).
Valzania, L., Zolliker, P. & Hack, E. Topography of hidden objects using THz digital holography with multi-beam interferences. Optics Express 25, 11038-11047 (2017).
Appleby, R. & Wallace, H. B. Standoff detection of weapons and contraband in the 100 GHz to 1 THz region. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 55, 2944-2956 (2007).
Anand, V. et al. Exploiting spatio-spectral aberrations for rapid synchrotron infrared imaging. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, 1616-1619 (2021).
