Socio-economic outcomes among long-term childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia survivors enrolled between 1971 and 1998 in EORTC CLG studies: Results of the 58LAE study.
[en] ("[en] OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the socio-economic outcomes of survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).
METHODS: Childhood ALL adult survivors, enrolled in EORTC trials between 1971 and 1998 in France and Belgium, were invited to fill out a questionnaire with information about their socio-economic situation (living with a partner, having a university degree, having a job, working part time and history of having a paid job). The outcomes were compared with two matched control populations.
RESULTS: Among 1418 eligible patients, 507 (35.8%) participated, including 39 (8%) and 61 (12%) patients who received a haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and a cranial radiotherapy (CRT), respectively. The median time to follow-up was 20 years, and median age was 25 years. Survivors showed a socio-economic level at least as good as controls. HCST and CRT were associated with a higher probability of not obtaining a bachelor degree (respectively OR = 3.49, 95% CI: 1.46-8.35 and OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.04-5.15), HSCT was associated with unemployment (OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.09-7.65) and having a relapse was associated with a higher probability of not having a partner (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.01-3.51) adjusting for confounders.
CONCLUSION: Childhood ALL survivors showed a high level of socio-economic participation. HCST and CRT were associated with poorer functioning.","[en] ","")
Disciplines :
Pediatrics Hematology Oncology
Author, co-author :
Barbati, Melissa ; Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
Socio-economic outcomes among long-term childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia survivors enrolled between 1971 and 1998 in EORTC CLG studies: Results of the 58LAE study.
This publication was supported by donations from the Fonds Cancer (FOCA) from Belgium and from KU Leuven from Belgium. Caroline Piette has been awarded a fellowship by Fonds Cancer (FOCA) from Belgium and the Kinderkankerfonds from Belgium (a non‐profit childhood cancer foundation under Belgian law). Funding information
Berbis, J., Reggio, C., & Michel, G. (2016). Employment in French young adult survivors of childhood leukemia: An LEA study (for Leucemies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent-childhood and adolescent leukemia). Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 10, 1058–1066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-016-0549-0
Bernard, F., Auquier, P., & Herrmann, I. (2014). Health status of childhood leukemia survivors who received hematopoietic cell transplantation after BU or TBI: An LEA study. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 49, 709–716. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2014.3
Cho, O.-H., Yoo, Y.-S., & Hwang, K.-H. (2016). Impact of ego-resilience and family function on quality of life in childhood leukemia survivors. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 45(11), 1446–1454.
Clopper, C. J., & Pearson, E. S. (1934). The use of confidence of fiducial limits illustrated in the case of the binomial. Biometrika, 26(4), 404–413. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/26.4.404
de Boer, A. G. E. M., Verbeek, J. H. A. M., & van Dijk, F. J. H. (2006). Adult survivors of childhood cancer and unemployment: A metaanalysis. Cancer, 107, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21974
Dumas, A., Berger, C., & Auquier, P. (2016). Educational and occupational outcomes of childhood cancer survivors 30 years after diagnosis: A French cohort study. British Journal of Cancer, 114, 1060–1068. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2016.62
Essig, S., Li, Q., & Chen, Y. (2014). Risk of late effects of treatment in children newly diagnosed with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort. The Lancet Oncology, 15, 841–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70265-7
Eurostat. (2019). Data Explorer. Accessed April 1, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
Freycon, F., Trombert-Paviot, B., & Casagranda, L. (2014). Academic difficulties and occupational outcomes of adult survivors of childhood leukemia who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and fractionated total body irradiation conditioning. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 31, 225–236. https://doi.org/10.3109/08880018.2013.829541
Gurney, J. G., Krull, K. R., & Kadan-Lottick, N. (2009). Social outcomes in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27, 2390–2395. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.21.1458
Harila-Saari, A. H., Lähteenmäki, P. M., Pukkala, E., Kyyrönen, P., Lanning, M., & Sankila, R. (2007). Scholastic achievements of childhood leukemia patients: A nationwide, register-based study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25, 3518–3524. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.09.4987
Harrell, F. (2001). Regression modeling strategies: With applications to linear models, logistic regression, and survival analysis. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3462-1
Holmqvist, A. S., Wiebe, T., Hjorth, L., Lindgren, A., Øra, I., & Moëll, C. (2010). Young age at diagnosis is a risk factor for negative late socio-economic effects after acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 55, 698–707. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.22670
Howard, A. F., Tan de Bibiana, J., & Smillie, K. (2014). Trajectories of social isolation in adult survivors of childhood cancer. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 8, 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-013-0321-7
Hunger, S. P., & Mullighan, C. G. (2015). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. The New England Journal of Medicine, 373, 1541–1552. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1400972
Ishida, Y., Honda, M., & Kamibeppu, K. (2011). Social outcomes and quality of life of childhood cancer survivors in Japan: A cross-sectional study on marriage, education, employment and health-related QOL (SF-36). International Journal of Hematology, 93, 633–644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-011-0843-6
Jacola, L. M., Edelstein, K., & Liu, W. (2016). Cognitive, behaviour, and academic functioning in adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Lancet Psychiatry, 3, 965–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30283-8
Kirchhoff, A. C., Krull, K. R., & Ness, K. K. (2011). Occupational outcomes of adult childhood cancer survivors: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Cancer, 117, 3033–3044. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25867
Krull, K. R., Brinkman, T. M., & Li, C. (2013). Neurocognitive outcomes decades after treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the St Jude lifetime cohort study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31, 4407–4415. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.48.2315
Krull, K. R., Zhang, N., & Santucci, A. (2013). Long-term decline in intelligence among adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with cranial radiation. Blood, 122, 550–553. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-03-487744
Lund, L. W., Schmiegelow, K., Rechnitzer, C., & Johansen, C. (2011). A systematic review of studies on psychosocial late effects of childhood cancer: Structures of society and methodological pitfalls may challenge the conclusions. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 56, 532–543. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.22883
Mader, L., Michel, G., & Roser, K. (2017). Unemployment following childhood cancer. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 114, 805–812. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2017.0805
Massimo, L., Zarri, D., & Caprino, D. (2005). Psychosocial aspects of survivors of childhood cancer or leukemia. Minerva Pediatrica, 57(6), 389–397.
Mody, R., Li, S., & Dover, D. C. (2008). Twenty-five-year follow-up among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Blood, 111, 5515–5523. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-10-117150
Nathan, P. C., Henderson, T. O., Kirchhoff, A. C., Park, E. R., & Yabroff, K. R. (2018). Financial hardship and the economic effect of childhood cancer survivorship. JCO, 36, 2198–2205. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.76.4431
Piette, C., Suciu, S., & Bertrand, Y. (2020). Long-term outcome evaluation of medium/high risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia children treated with or without cranial radiotherapy in the EORTC 58832 randomized study. British Journal of Haematology, 189, 351–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.16337
Pui, C.-H., Campana, D., & Pei, D. (2009). Treating childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia without cranial irradiation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 360, 2730–2741. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0900386
Pui, C.-H., Cheng, C., & Leung, W. (2003). Extended follow-up of long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The New England Journal of Medicine, 349, 640–649. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa035091
Schmiegelow, K., Levinsen, M. F., & Attarbaschi, A. (2013). Second malignant neoplasms after treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31, 2469–2476. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.47.0500
Sirvent, N., Suciu, S., Rialland, X., Millot, F., Benoit, Y., Plantaz, D., Ferster, A., Robert, A., Lutz, P., Nelken, B., Plouvier, E., Norton, L., Bertrand, Y., & Otten, J. (2011). Prognostic significance of the initial cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) involvement of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treated without cranial irradiation: Results of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Children Leukemia Group study 58881. European Journal of Cancer, 47, 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2010.10.019
Sison, E. A. R., & Silverman, L. B. (2014). CNS prophylaxis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program, 2014, 198–201. https://doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.198
Smith, M. A., Seibel, N. L., & Altekruse, S. F. (2010). Outcomes for children and adolescents with cancer: Challenges for the twenty-first century. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28, 2625–2634. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.27.0421
Sodergren, S. C., Husson, O., & Rohde, G. E. (2018). A life put on pause: An exploration of the health-related quality of life issues relevant to adolescents and young adults with cancer. Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, 7, 453–464. https://doi.org/10.1089/jayao.2017.0110
Sundberg, K. K., Wettergren, L., Frisk, P., & Arvidson, J. (2013). Self-reported quality of life in long-term survivors of childhood lymphoblastic malignancy treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation versus conventional therapy. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 60, 1382–1387. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.24519
Van der Kaaij, M. A. E., Heutte, N., & Meijnders, P. (2012). Premature ovarian failure and fertility in long-term survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma: A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Group and Groupe d'Étude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte Cohort Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 30, 291–299. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.37.1989
Vilmer, E., & Suciu, S. (2000). Long-term results of three randomized trials (58831, 58832, 58881) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A CLCG-EORTC report. Leukemia, 14, 2257–2266. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2401960
Visentin, S., Auquier, P., & Bertrand, Y. (2016). The impact of donor type on long-term health status and quality of life after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for childhood acute leukemia: A Leucémie de l'Enfant et de L'Adolescent Study. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 22, 2003–2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.08.004
Wengenroth, L., Rueegg, C. S., & Michel, G. (2014). Life partnerships in childhood cancer survivors, their siblings, and the general population. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 61, 538–545. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.24821
Yang, H.-C., Mu, P.-F., Sheng, C.-C., Chen, Y.-W., & Hung, G. Y. (2016). A systematic review of the experiences of siblings of children with cancer. Cancer Nursing, 39, E12–E21. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000258
Zynda, A., Reinmuth, S., Pfitzer, C., Hohmann, C., Keil, T., & Borgmann-Staudt, A. (2012). Childhood leukemia and its impact on graduation and having children: Results from a national survey. Leukemia & Lymphoma, 53, 2419–2422. https://doi.org/10.3109/10428194.2012.688965