3D-preservation; Acanthograptidae; Belgium; Carboniferous; Devonian; Graptolites; Stratigraphy; Space and Planetary Science; Paleontology
Abstract :
[en] Devonian and Carboniferous dendroid graptolites from Belgium are evaluated and partly revised. New finds in two different stratigraphic intervals of the ‘Carrière de Lompret’, an active quarry exploiting Frasnian limestones and shales east of Frasnes-lez-Couvin, allow the identification of Callograptus sp. and Dictyonema fraiponti, both belonging to the dendroid family Acanthograptidae. The relatively high diversity of the dendroid graptolite fauna from the Viséan Marbre noir de Denée, one of the few Carboniferous graptolite faunas in the world, can be shown to be based on astogenetic and preservational aspects. Nearly all known specimens can be included in the highly variable Dictyonema fraiponti, a fan-shaped large dendroid species with complex stipes formed from tubular thecae, possessing simple to complex bridges connecting adjacent stipes. Some of the graptolite material is well preserved and provides important information on the tubarium construction of Devonian to Carboniferous dendroid graptolites and, thus, is highly significant for a taxonomic and phylogenetic understanding of the youngest dendroid graptolite faunas worldwide. The genera Callograptus and Ptiograptus are revised based on their type species (Callograptus elegans from Quebec, Canada; Ptiograptus percorrugatus from the Silurian or Devonian of Kentucky, USA) and referred to the Acanthograptidae.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Maletz, Jörg ; Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Mottequin, Bernard ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géologie > Evolution and diversity dynamics lab ; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
Olive, Sébastien ; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
Gueriau, Pierre; Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, Lausanne, Switzerland
Pernègre, Vincent; Direction des Collections, UGC de Paléontologie, MNHN, Paris Cedex 05, France
Prestianni, Cyrille ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géologie > Evolution and diversity dynamics lab ; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
Goolaerts, Stijn; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
Devonian and Carboniferous dendroid graptolites from Belgium and their significance for the taxonomy of the Dendroidea
We greatly thank all staff and owners of the ‘Carrière de Lompret’, and in particular chief operator Jean Bechet, for granting us access to the quarry. We are also very thankful to Sabine De Borger, member of Hona vzw, who donated the specimen found by her on August 22, 2010, in the Boussu-en-Fagne Mb. Adriano Vandersypen (RBINS) is thanked for providing high quality photographs of the specimens on Figs. 2 and 6 , Thierry Hubin (RBINS) for technical assistance. Three of us (B.M., S.O. and S.G.) are funded by BELSPO, and S.G. received additional financial support from the OD Earth and History of Life of the RBINS. Dr. Lisa Amati (New York State Museum, Albany, N.Y., USA) provided photos of Ptiograptus percorrugatus Ruedemann for comparison. Jean Dougherty and Michelle Coyne (GSC Canada, Ottawa) provided access to the James Hall (1865) type material in their care. Valuable reviews were provided by Lucy Muir and Petr Kraft.We greatly thank all staff and owners of the ?Carri?re de Lompret?, and in particular chief operator Jean Bechet, for granting us access to the quarry. We are also very thankful to Sabine De Borger, member of Hona vzw, who donated the specimen found by her on August 22, 2010, in the Boussu-en-Fagne Mb. Adriano Vandersypen (RBINS) is thanked for providing high quality photographs of the specimens on Figs. 2 and 6, Thierry Hubin (RBINS) for technical assistance. Three of us (B.M. S.O. and S.G.) are funded by BELSPO, and S.G. received additional financial support from the OD Earth and History of Life of the RBINS. Dr. Lisa Amati (New York State Museum, Albany, N.Y. USA) provided photos of Ptiograptus percorrugatus Ruedemann for comparison. Jean Dougherty and Michelle Coyne (GSC Canada, Ottawa) provided access to the James Hall (1865) type material in their care. Valuable reviews were provided by Lucy Muir and Petr Kraft.
Bassler, R.S., Dendroid graptolites of the Niagaran dolomites at Hamilton, Ontario. United States National Museum Bulletin 65 (1909), 1–76.
Bateson, W., The later stages in the development of Balanoglossus kowalevskii, with a suggestion as to the affinities of the Enteropneusta. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 25 (1885), 81–122.
Beli, E., Aglieri, G., Strano, F., Maggioni, D., Telford, M.J., Piraino, S., Cameron, C.B., The zoogeography of extant rhabdopleurid hemichordates (Pterobranchia: Graptolithina), with a new species from the Mediterranean Sea. Invertebrate Systematics 32 (2018), 100–110.
Berry, W.B.N., Middle Devonian dendroid graptolites from the Central United States. Journal of Paleontology 43 (1969), 705–711.
Berry, W.B.N., A dendroid graptolite from “Killara”, Seville, Victoria, Australia. Memoirs of the Natural History Museum, Victoria 33 (1972), 37–39 pl. 5.
Bouček, B., The dendroid graptolites of the Silurian of Bohemia. Rozpravy Ústředního ústavu geologického 23 (1957), 1–294.
Bronn, H.G., Handbuch der Geschichte der Natur. Dritter Band, Zweite Abtheilung. II. Theil: Organisches Leben (Schluß). Index Palaeontologicus oder Ueberblick der bis jetzt bekannten fossilen Organismen. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart. 1849, 1106 p.
Bulman, O.M.B., A monograph of the Caradoc (Balclatchie) Graptolites from limestones in Laggan Burn, Ayrshire. Parts 1. Palaeontographical Society 98 (1945), 1–42 pls. 1–3.
Bulman, O.M.B., Graptolithina. Teichert, C., (eds.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part V, 2nd ed., 1970, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence xxxii + 163 p.
Bulman, O.M.B., A new Dictyonema fauna from the Salmien of the Stavelot Massif (with a preface by F. Geukens). Bulletin de la Societé belge de Géologie, de Paléontologie et d'Hydrologie 79 (1970), 213–224.
Cassa, M.R., Kissling, D.L., Carbonate facies of the Onondaga and Bois Blanc formations, Niagara Peninsula, Ontario. New York State Geological Association, 54th Annual Field Trip Guidebook, Buffalo, NY, 1982, 65–97.
Chapman, A.J., Rickards, R.B., Grayson, R.F., The Carboniferous dendroid graptolites of Britain and Ireland. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 49 (1993), 295–319.
Da Silva, A.C., De Vleeschouwer, D., Boulvain, F., Claeys, P., Fagel, N., Humblet, M., Mabille, C., Michel, J., Sardar Abadi, M., Pas, D., Dekkers, M.J., Magnetic susceptibility as a high-resolution correlation tool and as a climatic proxy in Paleozoic rocks – merits and pitfalls: examples from the Devonian in Belgium. Marine and Petroleum Geology 46 (2013), 173–189.
Decker, C.E., The Wilberns Upper Cambrian graptolites from Mason, Texas. 1945, The University of Texas Publication 4401, 13–61.
Deng, G., Dictyonema finds in the Permian System of Hainan Island, Guangdong, China. Journal of Paleontology 59 (1985), 1323–1324.
Erdtmann, B.-D., A reorganization and proposed phylogenetic classification of planktic Tremadoc (early Ordovician) dendroid graptolites. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 62 (1982), 121–144.
Erdtmann, B.-D., Comments on some earliest Ordovician (Salmien) graptolites from Solwaster, Massif de Stavelot, Belgian Ardennes. Aardkundige Mededelingen 3 (1986), 75–88.
Erdtmann, B.-D., Adams, R.L., Callograptus indianensis n. sp.; the latest North American graptolite from the Mississippian (late Osagean) of Indiana. Journal of Paleontology 49 (1975), 340–345.
Ettensohn, F.R., Lierman, R.T., Mason, C.E., Andrews, W.M., Hendricks, R.T., Phelps, D.J., Gordon, L.A., The Silurian of central Kentucky, U.S.A.: stratigraphy, palaeoenvironments and palaeoecology. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 44 (2013), 159–189.
Ginter, M., Gouwy, S., Goolaerts, S., A classic Late Frasnian chondrichtyan assemblage from southern Belgium. Acta Geologica Polonica 67 (2017), 381–382.
Goolaerts, S., Gouwy, S., The Lahonry quarry at Lompret, Belgium: an extraordinary new site to study Upper Frasnian cephalopods during the onset of anoxia in the Dinant Basin. STRATA Série 1: Communications 16 (2015), 61–62.
Goolaerts, S., Denayer, J., Mottequin, B., Late Devonian (Frasnian) phyllopod and phyllocarid crustacean shields from Belgium reinterpreted as ammonoid anaptychi. The Science of Nature, 104, 2017, 98.
Goolaerts, S., Gouwy, S., Houben, K., Wynants, M.-A., Devleeschouwer, X., Frasnian cephalopods from the newly discovered Carrière de Lompret section, Belgium. Münstersche Forschungen zur Geologie und Paläontologie 110 (2018), 32–33.
Gouwy, S., Goolaerts, S., Upper Frasnian deposits at the Lahonry quarry (Lompret, Belgium). STRATA Série 1: Communications, 16, 2015, 63.
Hall, J., Geology of New York. Part IV. Comprising the Survey of the Fourth Geological District. 1843, Carroll & Cook, Albany 683 p., 19 pls.
Hall, J., New genera of fossil corals from the report by James Hall, on the Palaeontology of New York. The American Journal of Science and Arts, 2nd Series 11 (1851), 398–401.
Hall, J., Figures and descriptions of Canadian organic remains. Decade II, Graptolites of the Quebec Group. Geological Survey of Canada. 1865, A, B. Dawson Brothers, Montreal, 154 p.
Hind, W., On the occurrence of dendroid graptolites in British Carboniferous rocks. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 16 (1907), 155–157.
Howe, M.P.A., Measurement of thecal spacing in graptolites. Geological Magazine 120 (1983), 635–638.
Humblet, M., Boulvain, F., Sedimentology of the Bieumont Member: Influence of the Lion Member carbonate mounds (Frasnian, Belgium) on their sedimentary environment. Geologica Belgica 3 (2000), 97–118.
Jaeger, H., Devonian Graptoloidea. McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F., Glass, D.J., (eds.) Devonian of the World. Vol. 3. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Devonian System, 14, 1988, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, Alberta, 431–438.
Jaeger, H., Ein dendroider Graptolith (Ophigraptus hercyniae n. g. n. sp.) von der Unter-/Mitteldevon-Grenze im Harz (Deutschland). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 66 (1992), 123–128.
Jux, U., Erste Funde von Graptolithen (?Palaeodictyota, Dendroidea) im Ober-Devon des Bergischen Landes (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 66 (1967), 123–128.
Keupp, H., Doppelstein, B., Maletz, J., First evidence of in situ rhabdopleurids (Pterobranchia, Hemichordata) from the Lower Jurassic of southern Germany. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Abhandlungen 282 (2016), 263–269.
Kowalski, H., Zwei Dendroideen (Graptolithina) aus dem Mitteldevon der Eifel. Der Aufschluß 38 (1987), 1–4.
Kraft, J., Post-Lochkovian dendroid graptolites from the Devonian of central Bohemia. Casopis pro mineralogii a geologii 29 (1984), 115–127.
Lankester, E.R., Notes on the embryology and classification of the animal kingdom; comprising a revision of speculations relative to the origin and significance of the germlayers. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, New Series 17 (1877), 339–454.
Lecompte, M., Eloge funèbre d'Eugène Maillieux. Bulletin de la Société belge de Géologie 55 (1946), 202–204.
Lenz, A.C., Early Devonian graptolites and graptolite biostratigraphy, Arctic Islands, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50 (2013), 1097–1115.
Maillieux, E., Présence de Graptolites dendroïdes dans le Dévonien de l'Ardenne. Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie de Paléontologie et d'Hydrologie 50 (1941), 207–209.
Maletz, J., Middle Devonian dendroid graptolites from the Brilon Reef area (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 80 (2006), 221–229.
Maletz, J., Middle to Upper Devonian Stratigraphy and Faunas of Erie County, western New York. NE GSA Field Trip, March, 30th, 2008. Martínez-Hackert, B., (eds.) Field Trip Guidebook. Northeastern section, GSA. 43rd Annual meeting, 27–29 March 2008, Buffalo, NY, 2008, pp. 1-14.
Maletz, J., The classification of the Pterobranchia (Cephalodiscida and Graptolithina). Bulletin of Geosciences 89 (2014), 477–540.
Maletz, J., Graptolite Paleobiology. Topics in Palaeobiology. 2017, Series Editor Mike Benton, Bristol, UK 323 p.
Maletz, J., Dictyonema Hall and its importance for the evolutionary history of the Graptoloidea. Palaeontology 62 (2019), 151–161.
Maletz, J., Beli, E., Part V, Second Revision, Chapter 15: Subclass Graptolithina and incertae sedis family Rhabdopleuridae: Introduction and systematic descriptions. Treatise Online 101 (2018), 1–14.
Maletz, J., Bates, D.E.B., Brussa, E.D., Cooper, R.A., Lenz, A.C., Riva, J.F., Toro, B.A., Zhang, Y.D., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part V, revised, Chapter 12: glossary of the Hemichordata. Treatise Online 62 (2014), 1–23.
Maletz, J., Toro, B.A., Zhang, Y.D., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part V, second revision, Chapter 18: Order Graptoloidea and Family Anisograptidae: introduction, morphology, and systematic descriptions. Treatise Online 85 (2017), 1–14.
Miller, S.A., North American Geology and Paleontology. 1889, Western Methodist Book Concern, Cincinnati, Ohio 664 p.
Mitchell, C.E., Melchin, M.J., Cameron, C.B., Maletz, J., Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Rhabdopleura is an extant graptolite. Lethaia 46 (2013), 34–56.
Mottequin, B., Paléoécologie et interprétation sédimentologique du ‘marbre noir’ de Denée (Viséen inférieur, Belgique). Geologica Belgica 7 (2004), 3–19.
Mottequin, B., The ‘black marble’ of Denée, a fossil conservation deposit from the Lower Carboniferous (Viséan) of southern Belgium. Geological Journal 43 (2008), 197–208.
Mottequin, B., Poty, E., Prestianni, C., Catalogue of the types and illustrated specimens recovered from the ‘black marble’ of Denée, a marine conservation-Lagerstätte from the Mississippian of southern Belgium. Geologica Belgica 18 (2015), 1–14.
Nicholson, H.A., A Monograph of the British Graptolitidae. 1872, Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh & London X + 133 p.
Renier, A., Sur la présence de Dictyonema dans le Marbre noir (Viséen inférieur) de Denée (Dinant). Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique 48 (1925), B312–B314.
Rickards, R.B., Lane, P.D., Two new coremagraptid graptolites from the type Llandovery (Silurian) district, and a review of the genus Coremagraptus. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 204 (1997), 171–183.
Rickards, R.B., Wright, A.J., Early Devonian graptolites from Limekilns, New South Wales. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 58 (2000), 123–131.
Rickards, R.B., Baillie, P.W., Jago, J.B., An Upper Cambrian (Idamean) dendroid assemblage from near Smithton, northwestern Tasmania. Alcheringa 14 (1990), 207–232.
Ruedemann, R., Graptolites of New York. Part 2. New York State Museum Memoir 11 (1908), 1–583.
Ruedemann, R., Graptolites of North America. Geological Society of America. Memoir 19 (1947), 1–652.
Ruedemann, R., Lochman, C., Graptolites from the Englewood Formation (Mississippian) of the Black Hills, South Dakota. Journal of Paleontology 16 (1942), 657–659.
Saunders, K.M., Bates, D.E.B., Kluessendorf, J., Loydell, D.K., Mikulic, D.G., Desmograptus micronematodes, a Silurian dendroid graptolite, and its ultrastructure. Palaeontology 52 (2009), 541–559.
Termier, A., Termier, G., Les graptolithes dendroïdes en Afrique du Nord. Compte Rendu Sommaire des séances de la Société Géologique de France 9 (1948), 174–176.
Ubaghs, G., Les Graptolithes dendroïdes du Marbre noir de Denée (Viséen inférieur). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 17:2 (1941), 1–30.
Urbanek, A., Mierzejewski, P., The ultrastructure and building of graptolite dissepiments. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 (2009), 243–252.
Wang, W., Servais, T., A re-investigation of the Rhabdinopora flabelliformis fauna from the early Tremadocian ‘Dictyonema Shale’ in Belgium. Geologica Belgica 18 (2015), 66–77.
