line: profiles; techniques: polarimetric; quasars: emission lines; quasars: individual: Fairall 9; quasars: supermassive black holes; Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract :
[en] The quasar main sequence appears to be an incredibly powerful tool to organize the diversity in large samples of type-1 quasars but the most important physical parameters governing it are still unclear. Here, we investigate the origin of the broadening and of a defining feature of Population B sources: a strong redward asymmetry of the Balmer emission lines. We focus on a prototypical source, Fairall 9. Spectropolarimetric data of the Fairall 9 broad H β and H α profiles allowed for a view of the geometric and dynamical complexity of the line emitting regions. Measurements (1) provided evidence of rotational motion; (2) were helpful to test the presence of polar and equatorial scatterers, and their association with non-virial motions. However, we suggest that the polarization properties appear to be more consistent with a warped disc geometry induced by Lense-Thirring precession.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Jiang, Bo-Wei; CAS, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
Marziani, Paola; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Savic, Djordje ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) ; Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, Serbia
Shablovinskaya, Elena; SAO, Special Astrophysical Observatory, Moscow
Popović, Luka Č.; Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, Serbia, University of Belgrade, Department of Astronomy
Afanasiev, Victor L.; SAO, Special Astrophysical Observatory, Moscow
Czerny, Bożena; Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics
Wang, Jian-Min; CAS, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CAS, National Astronomical Observatories
del Olmo, Ascensión; Glorieta de la Astronomia s/n, Instituto de Astrofisíca de Andalucía, IAA-CSIC, E-18008 Granada, Spain
D'Onofrio, Mauro; University of Padua, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Śniegowska, Marzena; Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Warsaw
Mazzei, Paola; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Panda, Swayamtrupta; Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Warsaw
Bon E., Marziani P., Berton M., Bon N., Antonucci R., Gaskell M., Ferland G., 2018, preprint (arXiv:1812.05828)
Boroson T. A., Green R. F., 1992, ApJS, 80, 109
Brotherton M. S., Wills B. J., Francis P. J., Steidel C. C., 1994, ApJ, 430, 495
Brown M. J. I., Duncan K. J., Landt H., Kirk M., Ricci C., Kamraj N., Salvato M., Ananna T., 2019, MNRAS, 489, 3351
Camps P., Baes M., 2020, Astron. Comput., 31, 100381
Chen B., Kantowski R., Dai X., Baron E., Maddumage P., 2015, ApJS, 218, 4
Collin S., Kawaguchi T., Peterson B. M., Vestergaard M., 2006, A&A, 456, 75
Corbett E. A., Robinson A., Axon D. J., Young S., 2000, MNRAS, 319, 685
Corbin M. R., 1995, ApJ, 447, 496
Czerny B., Hryniewicz K., 2011, A&A, 525, L8
Dalla Bontà E. et al., 2020, ApJ, 903, 112
Decarli R., Dotti M., Treves A., 2011, MNRAS, 413, 39
Doan A., Eracleous M., Runnoe J. C., Liu J., Mathes G., Flohic H. M. L. G., 2020, MNRAS, 491, 1104
Du P., Wang J.-M., 2019, ApJ, 886, 42
Emmanoulopoulos D., Papadakis I. E., McHardy I. M., Nicastro F., Bianchi S., Arévalo P., 2011, MNRAS, 415, 1895
Emmering R. T., Blandford R. D., Shlosman I., 1992, ApJ, 385, 460
ESO, 2019, Very Large Telescope Paranal Science Operations FORS2 User Manual. European Southern Observatory, VLT-MAN-ESO-13100-1543. Available at: http://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/paranal/instruments/fors/doc/VLT-MAN-ESO-13100-1543 P07.pdf
Fairall A. P., 1977, MNRAS, 180, 391
Feigelson E. D., Babu G. J., 1992, ApJ, 397, 55
Ferrarese L., Merritt D., 2000, ApJ, 539, L9
Fraix-Burnet D., Marziani P., D’Onofrio M., Dultzin D., 2017, Front. Astron. Space Sci., 4, 1
Frank J., King A., Raine D. J., 2002, Accretion Power in Astrophysics, 3rd edn. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
Gebhardt K. et al., 2000, ApJ, 539, L13
Gezari S., Halpern J. P., Eracleous M., 2007, ApJS, 169, 167
Goosmann R. W., Gaskell C. M., 2007, A&A, 465, 129
Greene J. E., Ho L. C., 2005, ApJ, 630, 122
Griersmith D., Visvanathan N., 1979, A&A, 79, 329
Haardt F., Maraschi L., 1993, ApJ, 413, 507
Hawley S. A., Phillips M. M., 1978, ApJ, 225, 780
Heiles C., 2000, AJ, 119, 923
Ishihara H., Takahashi M., Tomimatsu A., 1988, Phys. Rev. D, 38, 472
Jarvis M. J., McLure R. J., 2006, MNRAS, 369, 182
Kaspi S., Smith P. S., Netzer H., Maoz D., Jannuzi B. T., Giveon U., 2000, ApJ, 533, 631
Kennicutt Robert C. J., 1992, ApJS, 79, 255
Kollatschny W., 2003, A&A, 407, 461
Kollatschny W., Fricke K. J., 1985, A&A, 146, L11
Kormendy J., Ho L. C., 2013, ARA&A, 51, 511
Kormendy J., Richstone D., 1995, ARA&A, 33, 581
Koshida S. et al., 2014, ApJ, 788, 159
Kriss G., 1994, ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 61, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems III. Astron. Soc. Pac., San Francisco, p. 437
Kuraszkiewicz J. K., Green P. J., Crenshaw D. M., Dunn J., Forster K., Vestergaard M., Aldcroft T. L., 2004, ApJS, 150, 165
Laor A., Draine B. T., 1993, ApJ, 402, 441
Leighly K. M., Moore J. R., 2004, ApJ, 611, 107
Lin D. et al., 2017, Nat. Astron., 1, 0033
Lira P., Goosmann R. W., Kishimoto M., Cartier R., 2020, MNRAS, 491, 1
Lohfink A. M., Reynolds C. S., Miller J. M., Brenneman L. W., Mushotzky R. F., Nowak M. A., Fabian A. C., 2012, ApJ, 758, 67
Lohfink A. M. et al., 2016, ApJ, 821, 11
Loveday J., 1996, MNRAS, 278, 1025
Lub J., de Ruiter H. R., 1992, A&A, 256, 33
McConnell N. J., Ma C.-P., Gebhardt K., Wright S. A., Murphy J. D., Lauer T. R., Graham J. R., Richstone D. O., 2011, Nature, 480, 215
Marin F., 2018, A&A, 615, A171
Marin F., Goosmann R. W., Gaskell C. M., Porquet D., Dovčiak M., 2012, A&A, 548, A121
Marin F., Goosmann R. W., Gaskell C. M., 2015, A&A, 577, A66
Marinello M., Rodríguez-Ardila A., Marziani P., Sigut A., Pradhan A., 2020, MNRAS, 494, 4187
Marziani P., Sulentic J. W., 2012, New Astron. Rev., 56, 49
Marziani P., Sulentic J. W., Dultzin-Hacyan D., Calvani M., Moles M., 1996, ApJS, 104, 37
Marziani P., Sulentic J. W., Zwitter T., Dultzin-Hacyan D., Calvani M., 2001, ApJ, 558, 553
Marziani P., Sulentic J. W., Zamanov R., Calvani M., Dultzin-Hacyan D., Bachev R., Zwitter T., 2003a, ApJS, 145, 199
Marziani P., Zamanov R. K., Sulentic J. W., Calvani M., 2003b, MNRAS, 345, 1133
Marziani P., Sulentic J. W., Negrete C. A., Dultzin D., Zamfir S., Bachev R., 2010, MNRAS, 409, 1033
Marziani P. et al., 2018, Front. Astron. Space Sci., 5, 6
Marziani P. et al., 2019, A&A, 627, A88
Mauch T., Murphy T., Buttery H. J., Curran J., Hunstead R. W., Piestrzynski B., Robertson J. G., Sadler E. M., 2003, MNRAS, 342, 1117
Mejía-Restrepo J. E., Lira P., Netzer H., Trakhtenbrot B., Capellupo D. M., 2018, Nat. Astron., 2, 63
Mezcua M., Domínguez Sánchez H., 2020, ApJ, 898, L30
Nelson C. H., 2000, ApJ, 544, L91
Nelson C. H., Whittle M., 1996, ApJ, 465, 96
Oliva E., Origlia L., Kotilainen J. K., Moorwood A. F. M., 1995, A&A, 301, 55
Osterbrock D. E., Cohen R., 1979, MNRAS, 187, 61
Panda S., Czerny B., Adhikari T. P., Hryniewicz K., Wildy C., Kuraszkiewicz J., Śniegowska M., 2018, ApJ, 866, 115
Panda S., Marziani P., Czerny B., 2019, ApJ, 882, 79
Panda S., Martínez-Aldama M. L., Marinello M., Czerny B., Marziani P., Dultzin D., 2020, ApJ, 902, 76
Patat F., Romaniello M., 2006, PASP, 118, 146
Peterson B. M., 1993, PASP, 105, 247
Peterson B. M., Ferland G. J., 1986, Nature, 324, 345
Peterson B. M. et al., 2004, ApJ, 613, 682
Popović L. Č., 2020, Open Astron., 29, 1
Popović L. Č., Vince I., Atanacković-Vukmanović O., Kubičela A., 1995, A&A, 293, 309
Popović L. C., Mediavilla E., Bon E., Ilić D., 2004, A&A, 423, 909
Press W. H., Teukolsky S. A., Vetterling W. T., Flannery B. P., 2007, Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing, 3 edn. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
