Galaxy: stellar content; Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics; stars:; abundances; methods: observational; techniques: spectroscopic; surveys; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Earth and; Planetary Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies; Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. <BR /> Aims: This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. <BR /> Methods: Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. <BR /> Results: The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202 000 spectra of 115 000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. <BR /> Conclusions: The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Gilmore, G.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Randich, S.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Worley, C. C.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Hourihane, A.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Gonneau, A.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Sacco, G. G.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Lewis, J. R.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Magrini, L.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
François, P.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Jeffries, R. D.; Keele University, Department of Physics and Astrophysics
Koposov, S. E.; Royal Observatory Edinburgh, University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Bragaglia, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Alfaro, E. J.; Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia
Allende Prieto, C.; Astrophysical Institute of the Canaries, University of La Laguna, Department of Astrophysics
Blomme, R.; ROB - Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180, Brussels, Belgium
Korn, A. J.; Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Lanzafame, A. C.; University of Catania, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Pancino, E.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri, Italian Space Agency
Recio-Blanco, A.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Smiljanic, R.; Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Warsaw
Van Eck, S.; Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group
Zwitter, T.; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Bensby, T.; Lund Observatory
Flaccomio, E.; INAF - Osservatorio Asronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento, 1, 90134, Palermo, Italy
Irwin, M. J.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Franciosini, E.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Morbidelli, L.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Damiani, F.; INAF - Osservatorio Asronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento, 1, 90134, Palermo, Italy
Bonito, R.; INAF - Osservatorio Asronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento, 1, 90134, Palermo, Italy
Friel, E. D.; Indiana University, Department of Astronomy
Vink, J. S.; Armagh Observatory, Ireland
Prisinzano, L.; INAF - Osservatorio Asronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento, 1, 90134, Palermo, Italy
Abbas, U.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Hatzidimitriou, D.; University of Athens, Department of Astronomy, Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing
Held, E. V.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Jordi, C.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Paunzen, E.; Masaryk University, Department of Physics and Astrophysics
Spagna, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Jackson, R. J.; Keele University, Department of Physics and Astrophysics
Maíz Apellániz, J.; Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Departamento de Astrofísica, campus ESAC. Camino bajo del castillo s/n, 28 692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Asplund, M.; Australian Academy of Science, Box 783, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
Bonifacio, P.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Feltzing, S.; Lund Observatory
Binney, J.; University of Oxford, Department of Physics
Drew, J.; University College London, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Ferguson, A. M. N.; University of Edinburgh, Institute for Astronomy
Micela, G.; INAF - Osservatorio Asronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento, 1, 90134, Palermo, Italy
Negueruela, I.; Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
Prusti, T.; European Space Research and Technology Centre
Rix, H. -W.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Vallenari, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Bergemann, M.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics
Casey, A. R.; Monash University, School of Physics
de Laverny, P.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Frasca, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Hill, V.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Lind, K.; AlbaNova University Center
Sbordone, L.; ESO - European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, 19001, Casilla, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Adibekyan, V.; University of Porto, Center for Astrophysics
Caffau, E.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
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Feuillet, D. K.; Lund Observatory, Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Gebran, M.; Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
Gonzalez Hernandez, J. I.; Astrophysical Institute of the Canaries
Guiglion, G.; Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam
Herrero, A.; Astrophysical Institute of the Canaries, University of La Laguna, Department of Astrophysics
Lobel, A.; ROB - Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180, Brussels, Belgium
Merle, T.; Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group
Mikolaitis, Š.; Vilnius University, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astronomy
Montes, D.; Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica and IPARCOSUCM (Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos de la UCM), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Ruchti, G.; Lund Observatory
Soubiran, C.; Observatoire de Bordeaux
Tabernero, H. M.; Center for Astrobiology, Madrid
Tautvaišienė, G.; Vilnius University, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astronomy
Traven, G.; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Valentini, M.; Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam
Van der Swaelmen, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Villanova, S.; University of Concepcion, Department of Astronomy
Viscasillas Vázquez, C.; Vilnius University, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astronomy
Bayo, A.; Valparaiso University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, -
Biazzo, K.; Astronomical Observatory of Rome
Carraro, G.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, v. dell'Osservatorio 2, 35122, Padova, Italy
Edvardsson, B.; Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Heiter, U.; Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Jofré, P.; Diego Portales University, Chile
Marconi, G.; ESO - European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, 19001, Casilla, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Martayan, C.; ESO - European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, 19001, Casilla, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Masseron, T.; Astrophysical Institute of the Canaries, University of La Laguna, Department of Astrophysics
Monaco, L.; Andres Bello University, Chile
Walton, N. A.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Zaggia, S.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Aguirre Børsen-Koch, V.; Aarhus University, Institute for Physics and Astronomy
Alves, J.; University of Vienna, Dept. Astrophysics, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180, Vienna, Austria
Balaguer-Nunez, L.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Barklem, P. S.; Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Barrado, D.; Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Bellazzini, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Berlanas, S. R.; Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
Binks, A. S.; MIT, Center for Space Research/Kavli Institute, Keele University, Department of Physics and Astrophysics
Bressan, A.; SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Italy
Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R.; Dep. of Physics, Sapienza, University of Roma, Roma, Italy
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Collins, R. S.; Royal Observatory Edinburgh
D'Orazi, V.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Dantas, M. L. L.; Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Warsaw
Debattista, V. P.; University of Central Lancashire, Center for Astrophysics
Delgado-Mena, E.; University of Porto, Center for Astrophysics
Di Marcantonio, P.; Astronomical Observatory of Trieste
Drazdauskas, A.; Vilnius University, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astronomy
Evans, N. W.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Famaey, B.; Centre de Donnees Astronomiques, Strasbourg
Franchini, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Trieste
Frémat, Y.; ROB - Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180, Brussels, Belgium
Fu, X.; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics
Geisler, D.; University of Concepcion, Department of Astronomy, University of La Serena, Chile, University of La Serena, Chile
Gerhard, O.; Max-Planck-Institute for Ex. Physics, Giessenbachstr.1, 85748, Garching, Germany
González Solares, E. A.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Grebel, E. K.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Gutiérrez Albarrán, M. L.; Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica and IPARCOSUCM (Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos de la UCM), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Jönsson, H.; Malmo University, Sweden
Khachaturyants, T.; University of Central Lancashire, Center for Astrophysics
Kordopatis, G.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Kos, J.; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Lagarde, N.; Observatoire de Bordeaux, Universe, Time-Frequency, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphere and Environment, Molecules, Besancon
Ludwig, H. -G.; University of Heidelberg, Astronomical Observatory
Mahy, Laurent ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE) ; ROB - Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180, Brussels, Belgium
Mapelli, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Marfil, E.; Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Departamento de Astrofísica, campus ESAC. Camino bajo del castillo s/n, 28 692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Martell, S. L.; University of New South Wales, School of Physics
Messina, S.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Miglio, A.; University of Bologna, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Minchev, I.; Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam
Moitinho, A.; University of Lisbon, Department of Physics
Montalban, J.; University of Bologna, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.; University of Porto, Center for Astrophysics, -
Morossi, C.; Astronomical Observatory of Trieste
Mowlavi, N.; Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, 51 chemin Pegasi, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland
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Murphy, D. N. A.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
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