Aurorae; Infrared observations; Jupiter; Spectroscopy; Ultraviolet observations; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science
Abstract :
[en] Cooling of Jupiter's auroral thermosphere by H3+ radiation to space is one of the processes controlling the energy balance in the auroral upper atmosphere. The UltraViolet Spectrograph (UVS) and the Jupiter InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) on board Juno have observed the Jovian polar aurora from its polar orbit since August 2016. The UVS instrument measures the H2 Lyman and Werner bands whose brightness is a proxy of the precipitated auroral electron flux. The 3.3–3.6 μm spectral window of the JIRAM L-band imager maps the H3+ thermal radiance with unprecedented spatial resolution. Comparison of concurrent observations indicates that the morphological features are similar in the two spectral regions but differences are also observed in the spatial intensity contrast. We compare the total (direct and indirect) particle heating rate and the cooling by H3+ radiation derived from four pairs of simultaneous UVS and JIRAM images. The total auroral cooling power H3+ is in the range 2–4 terawatts in both hemispheres. In all cases, the H3+ cooling in the aurora is found to range between 0.45 and 0.67 time less than the particle collisional heating. In a second step, we use the ultraviolet H2 brightness and FUV color ratio to derive the characteristics of the electron precipitation and model the H3+ radiance for each UVS map pixel. The comparison of the H3+ modeled radiance map with the JIRAM observations shows general good agreement with some local differences. The four spatially integrated H3+ cooling power from the model are in very good agreement with the JIRAM values. These results are important constraints for global magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere models.
Research center :
STAR - Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research - ULiège
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Gérard, Jean-Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP)
Gkouvelis, Leonardos ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP) ; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California, United States
Bonfond, Bertrand ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP)
Gladstone, G.R.; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, United States ; Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Texas at San Antonio, United States
Mura, A.; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali-INAF, Rome, Italy
Adriani, A.; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali-INAF, Rome, Italy
Grodent, Denis ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP)
Hue, V.; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, United States
Greathouse, T.K.; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, United States
Language :
English
Title :
H3+ cooling in the Jovian aurora: Juno remote sensing observations and modeling
ESA - European Space Agency [FR] BELSPO - Politique scientifique fédérale [BE]
Funding text :
B. B. is a Research Associate of the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS. J.C.G., B. B. and D.G. and acknowledge financial support from the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) via the PRODEX Program of ESA. L.G. was supported by an appointment to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center administrated by the Universities Space Research Association (USRA) through a contract with NASA. We are grateful to NASA and contributing institutions that have made the Juno mission possible. This work was funded by NASA's New Frontiers Program for Juno via contract with the Southwest Research Institute. The JIRAM instrument was supported by the Italian Space Agency through ASI-INAF contracts I/010/10/0 and 2014-050-R.0.
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