Chandra X‐ray Observatory; Hubble Space Telescope; Jupiter; aurora; dark polar region; magnetosphere; Aurorae; Auroral structures; Hubble space telescopes; Jupiters; Polar Regions; Ultraviolet emission; X-ray emission; X-rays photons; Geophysics; Earth and Planetary Sciences (all); General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract :
[en] We present 14 simultaneous Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO)-Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of Jupiter's Northern X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) aurorae from 2016 to 2019. Despite the variety of dynamic UV and X-ray auroral structures, one region is conspicuous by its persistent absence of emission: the dark polar region (DPR). Previous HST observations have shown that very little UV emission is produced by the DPR. We find that the DPR also produces very few X-ray photons. For all 14 observations, the low level of X-ray emission from the DPR is consistent (within 2-standard deviations) with scattered solar emission and/or photons spread by Chandra's Point Spread Function from known X-ray-bright regions. We therefore conclude that for these 14 observations the DPR produced no statistically significant detectable X-ray signature.
Research Center/Unit :
STAR - Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research - ULiège
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Dunn, W R ; Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Dorking UK ; The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck London UK
Weigt, D M ; School of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton Southampton UK ; School of Physics Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
Grodent, Denis ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP)
Yao, Zhonghua ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP) ; Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China ; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
May, D; Department of Science St. Gilgen International School St. Gilgen Austria
Feigelman, K; Department of Science St. Gilgen International School St. Gilgen Austria
Sipos, B ; Department of Science St. Gilgen International School St. Gilgen Austria
Fleming, D; Department of Science St. Gilgen International School St. Gilgen Austria
McEntee, S; School of Physics Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland ; School of Cosmic Physics DIAS Dunsink Observatory Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Dublin Ireland
Bonfond, Bertrand ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP)
Gladstone, G R ; Division of Space Science and Engineering Southwest Research Institute San Antonio TX USA ; Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA
Johnson, R E ; Department of Physics Aberystwyth University Ceredigion UK
Jackman, C M ; School of Cosmic Physics DIAS Dunsink Observatory Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Dublin Ireland
Guo, Ruilong ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP) ; Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment School of Space Science and Physics Institute of Space Sciences Shandong University Weihai China
Branduardi-Raymont, G ; Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Dorking UK ; The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck London UK
Wibisono, A D ; Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Dorking UK ; The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck London UK
Kraft, R P; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Cambridge MA USA
Nichols, J D ; Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester Leicester UK
Ray, L C ; Department of Physics Lancaster University Lancaster UK
SFTC - Science and Technology Facilities Council [GB] F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE]
Funding text :
The authors greatly thank the NASA Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope Projects for their support. WRD and GBR acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant ST/S000240/1 to University College London (UCL). DMW is supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) studentship ST/S505703/1 and long‐term attachment grant to work at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS). ADW was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) (Project no. 2062546). DG and BB acknowledge the financial support from the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) via the PRODEX Programme of ESA. BB is a Research Associate of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique‐FNRS. ZHY acknowledges the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS, Grant no. IGGCAS‐201904. ZHY was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 42074211 and Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS, Grant No. IGGCAS‐201904. GRG was supported through NASA funding through contract NNM06AA75C with Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. CMJ and SMcE work at DIAS are funded by Science Foundation Ireland Grant 18/FRL/6199. WRD would further like to thank the UKSA, UCL Widening Participation, and UCL Astro Group for the funding support for Orbyts. He also greatly thanks N. Achilleos, S. Badman, and D. Moral Pombo for their invaluable discussions and support.
All data presented in this work are publicly available through the Chandra archive (https://cda.harvard.edu/chaser/) and the Hubble Space Telescope data available from the MAST Archive with the approach campaign here: https://archive.stsci.edu/doi/resolve/resolve.html?doi=10.17909/t9-1271-7f52 and observations synchronized with the Juno orbits of Jupiter here: https://archive.stsci.edu/proposal_search.php?mission=hst&id=14634.
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