Fish yield; Primary production; Tanganyika; Trophic efficiency; Tropical lakes; Zooplankton production; biological production; food web; lake ecosystem; pelagic ecosystem; trophic structure; Africa
Abstract :
[en] The sources of carbon for the pelagic fish production in Lake Tanganyika, East Africa, were evaluated in a comprehensive multi-year study. Phytoplankton production was assessed from seasonal in situ 14C and simulated in situ results, using on-board incubator measurements and knowledge of the vertical distributions of chlorophyll and irradiance. Bacterioplankton production was measured on two cruises with the leucine incorporation method. Zooplankton production was calculated from seasonal population samples, the carbon contents of different developmental stages and growth rates derived from published sources. Fish production estimates were based on hydroacoustic assessment of pelagic fish biomass and data on growth rates obtained from length frequency analyses and checked against daily increment rings of fish otoliths. Estimates for primary production (426-662 g C m-2 a-1) were 47-128% higher than previously published values. Bacterioplankton production amounted to about 20% of the primary production. Zooplankton biomass (1 g C m-2) and production (23 g C m-2 a-1) were 50% lower than earlier reported, suggesting that the carbon transfer efficiency from phytoplankton to zooplankton was low, in contrast to earlier speculations. Planktivorous fish biomass (0.4 g C m-2) and production (1.4-1.7 g C m-2 a-1) likewise indicated a low carbon transfer efficiency from zooplankton into planktivorous fish production. Relatively low transfer efficiencies are not unexpected in a deep tropical lake, because of the generally high metabolic losses due to the high temperatures and presumably high costs of predator avoidance. The total fisheries yield in Lake Tanganyika in the mid- 1990s was 0.08-0.14% of pelagic primary production, i.e. within the range of typical values in lakes. Thus, no special mechanisms need be invoked to explain the productivity of fisheries in Lake Tanganyika.
Disciplines :
Aquatic sciences & oceanology
Author, co-author :
Sarvala, J.; University of Turku, Department of Biology, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
Salonen, K.; University of Helsinki, Lammi Biological Station, FIN-16900 Lammi, Finland, University of Jyväskylä, Dept. of Biol. and Environ. Sciences, P.O.Box 35, FIN-40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
Järvinen, M.; University of Helsinki, Lammi Biological Station, FIN-16900 Lammi, Finland, University of Jyväskylä, Dept. of Biol. and Environ. Sciences, P.O.Box 35, FIN-40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
Aro, E.; Game and Fish. Research Institute, P.O.Box 6, FIN-00721 Helsinki, Finland
Huttula, T.; Pirkanmaa Reg. Environment Centre, P.O. Box 297, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
Kotilainen, P.; Lake Tanganyika Research Project, Bujumbura, Burundi
Kurki, H.; Lake Tanganyika Research Project, Kigoma, Tanzania, University of Kuopio, Dept. of Appl. Zool. and Vet. Med., P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
Langenberg, V.; Lake Tanganyika Research Project, Mpulungu, Zambia
Mannini, P.; Lake Tanganyika Research Project, Kigoma, Tanzania
Peltonen, A.; Pirkanmaa Reg. Environment Centre, P.O. Box 297, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
Plisnier, Pierre-Denis ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Chemical Oceanography Unit (COU) ; Lake Tanganyika Research Project, Mpulungu, Zambia
Vuorinen, I.; Archipelago Research Institute, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
Mölsä, H.; University of Kuopio, Dept. of Appl. Zool. and Vet. Med., P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
Lindqvist, O.V.; University of Kuopio, Dept. of Appl. Zool. and Vet. Med., P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
Trophic structure of Lake Tanganyika: Carbon flows in the pelagic food web
Publication date :
1999
Journal title :
Hydrobiologia
ISSN :
0018-8158
eISSN :
1573-5117
Publisher :
Springer, Dordrecht, Nl
Volume :
407
Pages :
149 - 173
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funding text :
This is a contribution from the FAO/FINNIDA Lake Tanganyika Research Project GCP/RAF/271/FIN. We express our sincere thanks to the field and laboratory personnel of the LTR Project for the assistance in compiling and analysing the data for this paper. The unfailing support by George Hanek, the project coordinator, is gratefully acknowledged. Mika Kur-kilahti helped with curve fitting. Lammi Biological Station kindly provided instruments and laboratory help.
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