ExoMars; Mars; ozone; Solar occultation; spectroscopy; ultraviolet observations; Geochemistry and Petrology; Geophysics; Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous); Space and Planetary Science
Abstract :
[en] We present ∼1.5 Mars Years (MY) of ozone vertical profiles, covering LS = 163° in MY34 to LS = 320° in MY35, a period which includes the 2018 global dust storm. Since April 2018, the Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrometer channel of the Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) instrument aboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter has observed the vertical, latitudinal and seasonal distributions of ozone. Around perihelion, the relative abundance of both ozone and water (from coincident NOMAD measurements) increases with decreasing altitude below ∼40 km. Around aphelion, localized decreases in ozone abundance exist between 25 and 35 km coincident with the location of modeled peak water abundances. High-latitude (>±55°), high altitude (40–55 km) equinoctial ozone enhancements are observed in both hemispheres (LS ∼350°–40°) and discussed in the companion article to this work (Khayat et al., 2021). The descending branch of the main Hadley cell shapes the observed ozone distribution at LS = 40°–60°, with the possible signature of a northern hemisphere thermally indirect cell identifiable from LS = 40°–80°. Morning terminator observations show elevated ozone abundances with respect to evening observations, with average ozone abundances between 20 and 40 km an order of magnitude higher at sunrise compared to sunset, attributed to diurnal photochemical partitioning along the line of sight between ozone and O or fluctuations in water abundance. The ozone retrievals presented here provide the most complete global description of Mars ozone vertical distributions to date as a function of season and latitude.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Patel, M.R. ; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom ; Space Science and Technology Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
Sellers, G. ; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Mason, J.P. ; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Holmes, J.A. ; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Brown, M.A.J.; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Lewis, S.R. ; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Rajendran, K.; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Streeter, P.M. ; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Marriner, C.; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Hathi, B.G.; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Slade, D.J.; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Leese, M.R.; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Wolff, M.J. ; Space Science Institute, Boulder, United States
Khayat, A.S.J. ; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States ; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology II, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
Smith, M.D. ; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States
Aoki, Shohei ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP)
Piccialli, A. ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Vandaele, A.C.; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Robert, S. ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium ; Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Daerden, F. ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Thomas, I.R. ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Ristic, B. ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Willame, Y.; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Depiesse, C.; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Bellucci, G.; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, IAPS-INAF, Rome, Italy
Lopez-Moreno, J.-J.; Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomia, Granada, Spain
UK Space Agency NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration SFTC - Science and Technology Facilities Council BELSPO - Belgian Science Policy Office MICINN - Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion Open University
Funding text :
The NOMAD experiment is led by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA), with Co-PI teams in the United Kingdom (Open University), Spain (IAA-CSIC) and Italy (INAF-IAPS). This work was enabled through UK Space Agency grants ST/V002295/1, ST/P001262/1, ST/V005332/1, ST/S00145X/1 and ST/R001405/1, and this project acknowledges funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), with the financial and contractual coordination by the ESA Prodex Office (PEA 4000103401, 4000121493), by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIU) and by European funds under grants PGC2018-101836-B-I00 and ESP2017-87143-R (MINECO/FEDER), as well as by the Italian Space Agency through grant 2018-2-HH.0. Support is acknowledged from the STFC under Grant ST/N50421X/1 and The Open University for a PhD studentship. This work was supported by the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS under grant number 30442502 (ET_HOME). S. A. is “Chargé de Recherches” at the F.R.S.-FNRS. SR thanks BELSPO for the FED-tWIN funding (PRF-2019-077 - RT-MOLEXO). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 101004052 (RoadMap project). The IAA/CSIC team acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). US investigators were supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.The NOMAD experiment is led by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB‐BIRA), with Co‐PI teams in the United Kingdom (Open University), Spain (IAA‐CSIC) and Italy (INAF‐IAPS). This work was enabled through UK Space Agency grants ST/V002295/1, ST/P001262/1, ST/V005332/1, ST/S00145X/1 and ST/R001405/1, and this project acknowledges funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), with the financial and contractual coordination by the ESA Prodex Office (PEA 4000103401, 4000121493), by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIU) and by European funds under grants PGC2018‐101836‐B‐I00 and ESP2017‐87143‐R (MINECO/FEDER), as well as by the Italian Space Agency through grant 2018‐2‐HH.0. Support is acknowledged from the STFC under Grant ST/N50421X/1 and The Open University for a PhD studentship. This work was supported by the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS under grant number 30442502 (ET_HOME). S. A. is “Chargé de Recherches” at the F.R.S.‐FNRS. SR thanks BELSPO for the FED‐tWIN funding (PRF‐2019‐077 ‐ RT‐MOLEXO). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 101004052 (RoadMap project). The IAA/CSIC team acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV‐2017‐0709). US investigators were supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
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