aerosols; atmosphere; CO2 ice clouds; Mars; NOMAD; temperature; CO2 ice cloud; ExoMars; Ice clouds; Midlatitudes; Thermal characterization; Trace gas; Water ice; Water particles; Geophysics; Earth and Planetary Sciences (all); General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract :
[en] We present observations of terminator CO2 ice clouds events in three groups: Equatorial dawn, Equatorial dusk (both between 20°S and 20°N) and Southern midlatitudes at dawn (45°S and 55°S east of Hellas Basin) with ESA ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter's Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument. CO2 ice abundance is retrieved simultaneously with water ice, dust, and particle sizes, and rotational temperature and CO2 column profiles in 16 of 26 cases. Small particles (<0.5 μm) prevail at dusk, while water ice likely provides most source nuclei at dawn. Clouds east of Hellas are found to be dominantly nucleated on surface-lifted dust. CO2 ice is sometimes detected in unsaturated air together with dust nuclei at dawn, suggesting ongoing sublimation. Depending on latitude and local time, the interplay between particle precipitation and the lifetime of temperature minima (i.e., cold pockets) determines CO2 ice properties.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Liuzzi, Giuliano ; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States ; Department of Physics, American University, Washington, United States
Villanueva, Geronimo L. ; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States
Trompet, Loïc ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Crismani, Matteo M. J. ; California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, United States
Piccialli, Arianna ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Aoki, Shohei ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP) ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium ; Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
Lopez-Valverde, Miguel Angel; Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomia, Granada, Spain
Stolzenbach, Aurélien ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomia, Granada, Spain
Daerden, Frank ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Neary, Lori ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Smith, Michael D. ; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States
Patel, Manish R. ; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Lewis, Stephen R. ; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Clancy, R. Todd ; Space Science Institute, Bald Head Island, United States
Thomas, Ian R. ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Ristic, Bojan ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Bellucci, Giancarlo ; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, IAPS-INAF, Rome, Italy
Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomia, Granada, Spain
Vandaele, Ann Carine ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
BELSPO - Belgian Science Policy Office MICINN - Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion UK Space Agency ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
Funding text :
ExoMars is a space mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and Roscosmos. The NOMAD experiment is led by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB‐BIRA), assisted by Co‐PI teams from Spain (IAA‐CSIC), Italy (INAF‐IAPS), and the United Kingdom (Open University). This project acknowledges funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), with the financial and contractual coordination by the ESA Prodex Office (PEA 4000103401, 4000121493), by the Spanish MICINN through its Plan Nacional and by European funds under grants PGC2018‐101836‐B‐I00 and ESP2017‐87143‐R (MINECO/FEDER), as well as by UK Space Agency through grants ST/V002295/1, ST/V005332/1, ST/R001405/1 and ST/S00145X/1 and Italian Space Agency through grant 2018‐2‐HH.0. The IAA/CSIC team acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV‐2017‐0709). This work was supported by NASA's Mars Program Office under WBS 604796, “Participation in the TGO/NOMAD Investigation of Trace Gases on Mars” and by NASA's SEEC initiative under Grant Number NNX17AH81A, “Remote sensing of Planetary Atmospheres in the Solar System and Beyond”. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101004052. U.S. investigators were supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.ExoMars is a space mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and Roscosmos. The NOMAD experiment is led by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA), assisted by Co-PI teams from Spain (IAA-CSIC), Italy (INAF-IAPS), and the United Kingdom (Open University). This project acknowledges funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), with the financial and contractual coordination by the ESA Prodex Office (PEA 4000103401, 4000121493), by the Spanish MICINN through its Plan Nacional and by European funds under grants PGC2018-101836-B-I00 and ESP2017-87143-R (MINECO/FEDER), as well as by UK Space Agency through grants ST/V002295/1, ST/V005332/1, ST/R001405/1 and ST/S00145X/1 and Italian Space Agency through grant 2018-2-HH.0. The IAA/CSIC team acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the ?Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa? award for the Instituto de Astrof?sica de Andaluc?a (SEV-2017-0709). This work was supported by NASA's Mars Program Office under WBS 604796, ?Participation in the TGO/NOMAD Investigation of Trace Gases on Mars? and by NASA's SEEC initiative under Grant Number NNX17AH81A, ?Remote sensing of Planetary Atmospheres in the Solar System and Beyond?. This project has received funding from the European Union?s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101004052. U.S. investigators were supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
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