Basic Motor Competencies of 6- to 8-Year-Old Primary School Children in 10 European Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study on Associations With Age, Sex, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity.
FMS; MOBAK; motor competence; motor development; motor skills; physical activity; physical education; screening; Psychology (all); General Psychology
Abstract :
[en] Basic motor competencies (BMC) are a prerequisite for children to be physically active, participate in sports and thus develop a healthy, active lifestyle. The present study provides a broad screening of BMC and associations with age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and extracurricular physical activity (PA) in 10 different European countries. The different country and regional contexts within Europe will offer a novel view on already established BMC associations. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 regions in 10 European countries in 2018. The motor competence areas, object movement (OM) and self-movement (SM), were assessed using the MOBAK-1-2 test instrument in 3758 first and second graders (age: M = 6.86 ± 0.60 years; 50% girls) during Physical Education classes. Children were questioned about their extracurricular PA and age. Their body weight and height were measured in order to calculate BMI. Statistical analyses included variances and correlations. The results showed significant differences in BMC levels between countries (OM: F = 18.74, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.048; SM: F = 73.10, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.163) whereas associations between BMC and correlates were similar. Boys performed significantly better in OM while girls performed better in SM. Age was consistently positively related to OM and SM with older children reaching higher levels of BMC than younger ones. While participation rates for extracurricular PA differed widely, participation in ball sports was correlated with OM and SM. Participation in individual sports showed a significant association with SM. In summary, BMC levels of children seem to depend on where they live and are strongly related to their participation in extracurricular PA. Therefore, education and health policies, in order to enhance motor competence development and PA participation, are recommended. Further research on country-specific Physical Education frameworks and their influence on BMC will provide more insights into structural factors and cultural characteristics of BMC development. On a school level, support tools and educational materials for teachers about BMC may enable children to achieve a basic level of motor competencies through Physical Education, contributing to lifelong participation in PA.
Disciplines :
Education & instruction
Author, co-author :
Wälti, Marina; Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Sallen, Jeffrey; Department of Educational Sciences & Didactics in Sport, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Adamakis, Manolis; School of Education, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Ennigkeit, Fabienne; Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
Gerlach, Erin; Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Heim, Christopher; Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
Jidovtseff, Boris ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Research Unit for a life-Course perspective on Health and Education (RUCHE)
Kossyva, Irene; Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Labudová, Jana; Department of School Education, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
Masaryková, Dana; Department of School Education, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
Mombarg, Remo; Institute for Sport Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
De Sousa Morgado, Liliane ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Research Unit for a life-Course perspective on Health and Education (RUCHE)
Niederkofler, Benjamin; Institute of Didactics, Teaching and School Development, Salzburg University of Education Stefan Zweig, Salzburg, Austria
Niehues, Maike; Department of Educational Sciences & Didactics in Sport, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Onofre, Marcos; Centro de Estudos de Educação, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana & Unidade de Investigaçao e Desenvolvimento em Educação e Formação, Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Pühse, Uwe; Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Quitério, Ana; Centro de Estudos de Educação, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana & Unidade de Investigaçao e Desenvolvimento em Educação e Formação, Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Scheuer, Claude; Department of Education and Social Work, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Seelig, Harald; Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Vlček, Petr; Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
Vrbas, Jaroslav; Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
Herrmann, Christian; Physical Education Research Group, Zurich University of Teacher Education, Zurich, Switzerland
Basic Motor Competencies of 6- to 8-Year-Old Primary School Children in 10 European Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study on Associations With Age, Sex, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity.
The project was funded by Erasmus + (590777-EPP-1-2017-1-DE-SPO-SCP). The funding body had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data or writing the manuscript.
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