alcohol use disorder; alexithymia; depression; episodic future thinking; metacognition; Adult; Alcoholism/psychology; Alcoholism/therapy; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Cognition; Memory, Episodic; Thinking; Alcoholism; Medicine (miscellaneous); Toxicology; Psychiatry and Mental Health
Abstract :
[en] BACKGROUND: A reduced capacity to mentally simulate future scenarios could be of clinical importance in alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying episodic future thinking (EFT) impairment in AUD.
METHODS: We tested patients with severe AUD using two measures of EFT: the individual's own subjective experience of their imaginings (phenomenology) and the objective number of details included in imagined events, as assessed by an independent observer (examination). The comparison between the two measures allowed us to investigate the extent to which the subjective and objective characteristics of EFT are calibrated in healthy and AUD participants matched for age, education, and gender. The possible impact of cognitive functioning and disturbed mood on EFT measures was also investigated.
RESULTS: In terms of objective details of EFT, patients with AUD (n = 40) generated fewer episodic components and more non-episodic components than control participants (n = 40), even when controlling for cognitive functioning. However, self-ratings of phenomenological characteristics indicated that participants with AUD perceived imagined future events at a similar level of detail as control participants. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between objective and subjective measures in healthy individuals but not in the AUD group. A higher depression score in the AUD group was not associated with the EFT measures.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a distorted self-assessment of the richness of imagined future events in individuals with AUD. We discuss these apparent limitations in metacognitive abilities and verbal descriptions of imagined events among individuals with AUD and their clinical implications.
Disciplines :
Theoretical & cognitive psychology
Author, co-author :
Noël, Xavier ; Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
Saeremans, Mélanie; Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie (ULB), Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
Kornreich, Charles; Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium ; Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie (ULB), Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
Chatard, Armand; UMR-7295 CNRS, Faculté de Psychologie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
Jaafari, Nemet; Unité de Recherche Clinique Pierre Deniker du Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, INSERM CIC-P 1402, Poitiers, France ; INSERM U 1084 Laboratoire Expérimental et Clinique en Neurosciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
D'Argembeau, Arnaud ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Psychologie et Neuroscience Cognitives (PsyNCog)
Language :
English
Title :
Reduced calibration between subjective and objective measures of episodic future thinking in alcohol use disorder.
The authors wish to acknowledge the clinical staff of the inpatient setting. X. Noël and A. D’Argembeau are supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.‐FNRS), Belgium. The study was supported by the Foundation Brugmann. The study authors designed, conducted, and interpreted the findings of the study without any further involvement of the funders of these organizations.
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