[en] That trauma can play a significant role in the onset and maintenance of voice-hearing is one of the most striking and important developments in the recent study of psychosis. Yet the finding that trauma increases the risk for hallucination and for psychosis is quite different from the claim that trauma is necessary for either to occur. Trauma is often but not always associated with voice-hearing in populations with psychosis; voice-hearing is sometimes associated with willful training and cultivation in nonclinical populations. This article uses ethnographic data among other data to explore the possibility of multiple pathways to voice-hearing for clinical and nonclinical individuals whose voices are not due to known etiological factors such as drugs, sensory deprivation, epilepsy, and so forth. We suggest that trauma sometimes plays a major role in hallucinations, sometimes a minor role, and sometimes no role at all. Our work also finds seemingly distinct phenomenological patterns for voice-hearing, which may reflect the different salience of trauma for those who hear voices.
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & behavior
Author, co-author :
Luhrmann, Tanya Marie; Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
Alderson-Day, Ben; Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK
Bell, Vaughan; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
Bless, Josef J; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Corlett, Philip; Department of Psychiatry, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
Hugdahl, Kenneth; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ; Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Jones, Nev; Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
Laroi, Frank ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie ; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ; Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Moseley, Peter; Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK ; School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
Padmavati, Ramachandran; Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Peters, Emmanuelle; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, London, UK ; Psychological Interventions Clinic for Outpatients with Psychosis, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM), London, England, UK
Powers, Albert R; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Waters, Flavie; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia ; Clinical Research Centre, Graylands Health Campus, North Metropolitan Health Service, Mental Health, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
T.M.L.’s work was supported by the John Templeton Foundation 55427; B.A.D. and P.M. are supported by the Wellcome Trust WT 108720; K.H. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant 693124), Research Council of Norway FRIMEDBIO 21550, and Health Authority of Western Norway (Helse-Vest 912045; V.B. is supported by a Wellcome Trust Seed Award in Science 200589/2/16/7.
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