Personal resilience factors protect against distressing auditory hallucinations: A study comparing psychotic patients with auditory hallucinations, non-patients with auditory hallucinations, and healthy controls.
[en] Although studies have identified several risk factors for the development of psychotic disorders, potential protective factors - such as resilience - have rarely been examined. Studies suggest that the negative beliefs people hold about their Auditory Hallucinations (AH) may be an indicator of a need for care. However, the reason why certain people do not develop negative beliefs is unclear but may be related to resilience. The present study aimed to examine the role of resilience in AH by comparing psychotic patients with AH, non-patients with AH, and healthy controls without AH. Another aim was to explore whether resilience is related to the beliefs people hold about their AH. Results revealed that patients with AH and non-patients with AH had similarly weak interpersonal resilience factors compared to healthy controls without AH. In contrast, patients with AH showed weak personal factors of resilience compared to both non-patients with AH and healthy controls without AH. Patients with AH had more negative and fewer positive beliefs about their AH than non-patients with AH. Finally, the personal factors of resilience were related to the beliefs about AH. These results showed that personal factors of resilience are decisive variables influencing the need for care in people experiencing AH and thus represent an important treatment target.
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & behavior
Author, co-author :
Laloyaux, Julien; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, NORMENT - Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. Electronic address: julien.laloyaux@uib.no
Collazzoni, Alberto; Renewed Freedom Center for Rapid Anxiety Relief, Division of Strategic Cognitive Behavioral Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Hirnstein, Marco; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Kusztrits, Isabella; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Laroi, Frank ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie
Language :
English
Title :
Personal resilience factors protect against distressing auditory hallucinations: A study comparing psychotic patients with auditory hallucinations, non-patients with auditory hallucinations, and healthy controls.
Badcock, J.C., Shah, S., Mackinnon, A., Stain, H.J., Galletly, C., Jablensky, A., Morgan, V.A., Loneliness in psychotic disorders and its association with cognitive function and symptom profile. Schizophr. Res. 169:1-3 (2015), 268–273.
Baumeister, D., Sedgwick, O., Howes, O., Peters, E., Auditory verbal hallucinations and continuum models of psychosis: A systematic review of the healthy voice-hearer literature. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 51 (2017), 125–141.
Birchwood, M., Chadwick, P., The omnipotence of voices: testing the validity of a cognitive model. Psychol. Med. 27:6 (1997), 1345–1353.
Chadwick, P., Birchwood, M., The omnipotence of voices. A cognitive approach to auditory hallucinations. Br. J. Psychiatry 164:2 (1994), 190–201.
Chadwick, P., Birchwood, M.J., Trower, P., Cognitive Therapy For Delusions, Voices And Paranoia. 1996, Wiley.
Chadwick, P., Lees, S., Birchwood, M., The revised Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ–R). Br. J. Psychiatry 177:3 (2000), 229–232.
Eysenck, S.B.G., Eysenck, H.J., Barrett, P., A revised version of the psychoticism scale. Pers. Individ. Differ. 6:1 (1985), 21–29.
Friborg, O., Barlaug, D., Martinussen, M., Rosenvinge, J.H., Hjemdal, O., Resilience in relation to personality and intelligence. Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. 14:1 (2005), 29–42.
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J.H., Martinussen, M., A new rating scale for adult resilience: what are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment. Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. 12:2 (2003), 65–76.
Gonzalez-Pinto, A., Ruiz de Azua, S., Ibanez, B., Otero-Cuesta, S., Castro-Fornieles, J., Graell-Berna, M., Ugarte, A., Parellada, M., Moreno, D., Soutullo, C., Baeza, I., Arango, C., Can positive family factors be protective against the development of psychosis. Psychiatry Res 186:1 (2011), 28–33.
Gurak, K., Weisman de Mamani, A., Risk and protective factors, perceptions of family environment, ethnicity, and schizophrenia symptoms. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 204:8 (2016), 570–577.
Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Braun, S., Kempenaers, C., Linkowski, P., Fossion, P., The Resilience Scale for Adults: construct validity and measurement in a Belgian sample. Int. J. Test. 11:1 (2011), 53–70.
Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Stiles, T.C., Rosenvinge, J.H., Martinussen, M., Resilience predicting psychiatric symptoms: a prospective study of protective factors and their role in adjustment to stressful life events. Clin. Psychol. Psychother. 13:3 (2006), 194–201.
Hommel, G., Tests of the overall hypothesis for arbitrary dependence structures. Biomed. J. 25 (1983), 423–430.
Hommel, G., A stagewise rejective multiple test procedure based on a modified Bonferroni test. Biometrika 75:2 (1988), 383–386.
Hu, T., Zhang, D., Wang, J., A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health. Pers. Individ. Differ. 76 (2015), 18–27.
Kim, H.Y., Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restor. Dent. Endod. 38:1 (2013), 52–54.
Larøi, F., Sommer, I.E., Blom, J.D., Fernyhough, C., Ffytche, D.H., Hugdahl, K., Johns, L.C., McCarthy-Jones, S., Preti, A., Raballo, A., Slotema, C.W., Stephane, M., Waters, F., The characteristic features of auditory verbal hallucinations in clinical and nonclinical groups: state-of-the-art overview and future directions. Schizophr. Bull. 38:4 (2012), 724–733.
Larøi, F., Van der Linden, M., Nonclinical participants' reports of hallucinatory experiences. Can. J. Behav. Sci. 37:1 (2005), 33–43.
Launay, G., Slade, P., The measurement of hallucinatory predisposition in male and female prisoners. Pers. Individ. Differ. 2:3 (1981), 221–234.
Lawrence, C., Jones, J., Cooper, M., Hearing voices in a non-psychiatric population. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 38:3 (2010), 363–373.
Michalska da Rocha, B., Rhodes, S., Vasilopoulou, E., Hutton, P., Loneliness in psychosis: a meta-analytical review. Schizophr. Bull. 44:1 (2018), 114–125.
Moritz, S., Van Quaquebeke, N., Lincoln, T.M., Kother, U., Andreou, C., Can we trust the internet to measure psychotic symptoms. Schizophr. Res. Treat., 2013, 2013, 457010.
Poloni, N., Zizolfi, D., Ielmini, M., Pagani, R., Caselli, I., Diurni, M., Milano, A., Callegari, C., A naturalistic study on the relationship among resilient factors, psychiatric symptoms, and psychosocial functioning in a sample of residential patients with psychosis. Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag. 11 (2018), 123–131.
Radua, J., Ramella-Cravaro, V., Ioannidis, J.P.A., Reichenberg, A., Phiphopthatsanee, N., Amir, T., Yenn Thoo, H., Oliver, D., Davies, C., Morgan, C., McGuire, P., Murray, R.M., Fusar-Poli, P., What causes psychosis? An umbrella review of risk and protective factors. World Psychiatry 17:1 (2018), 49–66.
van Os, J., Linscott, R.J., Myin-Germeys, I., Delespaul, P., Krabbendam, L., A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder. Psychol. Med. 39:2 (2009), 179–195.
Waters, F., Allen, P., Aleman, A., Fernyhough, C., Woodward, T.S., Badcock, J.C., Barkus, E., Johns, L., Varese, F., Menon, M., Vercammen, A., Larøi, F., Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia and nonschizophrenia populations: a review and integrated model of cognitive mechanisms. Schizophr. Bull. 38:4 (2012), 683–693.
Winsper, C., Crawford-Docherty, A., Weich, S., Fenton, S.-J., Singh, S.P., How do recovery-oriented interventions contribute to personal mental health recovery? A systematic review and logic model. Clin. Psychol. Rev., 76, 2020, 101815.
