Item-specific overlap between hallucinatory experiences and cognition in the general population: A three-step multivariate analysis of international multi-site data.
Chinchani, Abhijit M; Menon, Mahesh; Roes, Meighenet al.
2021 • In Cortex: A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 145, p. 131-144
Cognition; Dichotic listening; Hallucinations; Multivariate analysis; Signal detection; Attention; Humans; Multivariate Analysis; Psychotic Disorders; Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology; Experimental and Cognitive Psychology; Cognitive Neuroscience
Abstract :
[en] Hallucinatory experiences (HEs) can be pronounced in psychosis, but similar experiences also occur in nonclinical populations. Cognitive mechanisms hypothesized to underpin HEs include dysfunctional source monitoring, heightened signal detection, and impaired attentional processes. Using data from an international multisite study on non-clinical participants (N = 419), we described the overlap between two sets of variables - one measuring cognition and the other HEs - at the level of individual items. We used a three-step method to extract and examine item-specific signal, which is typically obscured when summary scores are analyzed using traditional methodologies. The three-step method involved: (1) constraining variance in cognition variables to that which is predictable from HE variables, followed by dimension reduction, (2) determining reliable HE items using split-halves and permutation tests, and (3) selecting cognition items for interpretation using a leave-one-out procedure followed by repetition of Steps 1 and 2. The results showed that the overlap between HEs and cognition variables can be conceptualized as bi-dimensional, with two distinct mechanisms emerging as candidates for separate pathways to the development of HEs: HEs involving perceptual distortions on one hand (including voices), underpinned by a low threshold for signal detection in cognition, and HEs involving sensory overload on the other hand, underpinned by reduced laterality in cognition. We propose that these two dimensions of HEs involving distortions/liberal signal detection, and sensation overload/reduced laterality may map onto psychosis-spectrum and dissociation-spectrum anomalous experiences, respectively.
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & behavior
Author, co-author :
Chinchani, Abhijit M ; BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Vancouver, UK, Department of Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, UK
Menon, Mahesh ; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, UK
Roes, Meighen; BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Vancouver, UK, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, UK
Hwang, Heungsun; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, UK
Allen, Paul; Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
Bell, Vaughan ; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
Bless, Josef; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Bortolon, Catherine ; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
Cella, Matteo; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK, South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
Fernyhough, Charles ; Department of Psychology, Durham, UK
Garrison, Jane; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Kozáková, Eva; Department of Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Laroi, Frank ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Psychologie et Neuroscience Cognitives (PsyNCog)
Moffatt, Jamie ; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
Say, Nicolas; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Suzuki, Mimi; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
Toh, Wei Lin ; Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
Zaytseva, Yuliya; Department of Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Rossell, Susan L; Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia, Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Moseley, Peter ; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon Tyne, UK
Woodward, Todd S; BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Vancouver, UK, Department of Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, UK. Electronic address: toddswoodward@gmail.com
Item-specific overlap between hallucinatory experiences and cognition in the general population: A three-step multivariate analysis of international multi-site data.
Publication date :
2021
Journal title :
Cortex: A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
This research was supported by the Wellcome Trust grant WT108720 awarded to CF. SLR is supported by a NHMRC senior research fellowship ( GNT1154651 ), and WLT is supported by a NHMRC New Investigator project grant ( GNT1161609 ). AMC is supported by Brain Canada, in partnership with Health Canada, for the Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform (CONP) initiative. EK and YZ are supported by the Internal Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic [grant number AZV 17-32957A ] and by the project “ Sustainability for the National Institute of Mental Health ”, under grant number LO1611 . JB is supported by grants from ERC Advanced Grant (ERCAdG #693124), from the Helse-Vest Samarbeidsorganet ( #912045 ), and from the Research Council of Norway ( NORMENT #213363 ).
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