[en] Background: Mosquito species from the Anopheles gambiae complex and the Anopheles funestus group are dominant African malaria vectors. Mosquito microbiota play vital roles in physiology and vector competence. Recent research has focused on investigating the mosquito microbiota, especially in wild populations. Wild mosquitoes are preserved and transported to a laboratory for analyses. Thus far, microbial characterization post-preservation has been investigated in only Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens. Investigating the efficacy of cost-effective preservatives has also been limited to AllProtect reagent, ethanol and nucleic acid preservation buffer. This study characterized the microbiota of African Anopheles vectors: Anopheles arabiensis (member of the An. gambiae complex) and An. funestus (member of the An. funestus group), preserved on silica desiccant and RNAlater® solution. Methods: Microbial composition and diversity were characterized using culture-dependent (midgut dissections, culturomics, MALDI-TOF MS) and culture-independent techniques (abdominal dissections, DNA extraction, next-generation sequencing) from laboratory (colonized) and field-collected mosquitoes. Colonized mosquitoes were either fresh (non-preserved) or preserved for 4 and 12 weeks on silica or in RNAlater®. Microbiota were also characterized from field-collected An. arabiensis preserved on silica for 8, 12 and 16 weeks. Results: Elizabethkingia anophelis and Serratia oryzae were common between both vector species, while Enterobacter cloacae and Staphylococcus epidermidis were specific to females and males, respectively. Microbial diversity was not influenced by sex, condition (fresh or preserved), preservative, or preservation time-period; however, the type of bacterial identification technique affected all microbial diversity indices. Conclusions: This study broadly characterized the microbiota of An. arabiensis and An. funestus. Silica- and RNAlater®-preservation were appropriate when paired with culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques, respectively. These results broaden the selection of cost-effective methods available for handling vector samples for downstream microbial analyses.
Disciplines :
Life sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Author, co-author :
E Silva, Bianca ; Université de Liège - ULiège > GIGA > GIGA I3 - Hematology
Zingoni, Zvifadzo Matsena; University of the Witwatersrand > School of Public Health > Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Koekemoer, Lizette; University of the Witwatersrand > School of Pathology > Wits Research Institute for Malaria
Dahan-Moss, Yael; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service > Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases
DST/NRF South African Research Chairs Initiative Grant
Funding number :
171215294399
Funding text :
We would like to thank the Antimicrobial Reference Laboratory at the NICD, Sandringham, for training BES and allowing us to use the MALDI-TOF MS instrument. We would also like to thank Dr Givemore Munhenga and the South African SIT team at the NICD, Sandringham, for contributing field-collected mosquitoes to this study. Additionally, we would like to thank Professor Elena Libhaber for advice on statistical analyses. Moreover, we thank the anonymous reviewer for constructive comments on this manuscript.This work was supported by the DST/NRF South African Research Chairs Initiative Grant (Grant No: 171215294399 to LLK).
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